5:19

Salaam all,

This is 5:19
يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ قَدْ جَاءكُمْ رَسُولُنَا يُبَيِّنُ لَكُمْ عَلَى فَتْرَةٍ مِّنَ الرُّسُلِ أَن تَقُولُواْ مَا جَاءنَا مِن بَشِيرٍ وَلاَ نَذِيرٍ فَقَدْ جَاءكُم بَشِيرٌ وَنَذِيرٌ وَاللّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
Ya ahla alkitabi qad jaakum rasooluna yubayyinu lakum AAala fatratin mina alrrusuli an taqooloo ma jaana min basheerin wala natheerin faqad jaakum basheerun wanatheerun waAllahu AAala kulli shayin qadeerun

The Aya says:
O people of the book, indeed our envoy came to you. He makes clear for you upon a period of cessation of the envoys/messengers so that not you (plural) say: “neither a bearer of glad tidings nor a bearer of warning came to us”. For indeed, came to you a bearer of glad tidings and warning and Allah, upon every entity, capable.

My personal note:
This Aya establishes that the person of the book is responsible to adjust his relationship with God in accordance with the message of the prophet Muhammad (pbuh). This certainly applies to those who came across the message and who understood it enough to make it binding upon them to accept it.

The term NATHEER is a person who carries a warning. Here, the word suggests that if the person made the necessary adjustment or adjustments then he or she is safe.

Translation of the transliterated words:

Ya: O you
Note: this is a calling form of a word
Ahla: people of
Note: the root is Hamza-H-L and one concrete meaning of the word is the fat that surrounds the back of the animal. It is used conceptually to mean family or any of the people that are closely associated with the entity being discussed. This could be because they are like the fat as in they engulf and protect and so forth and gain protection at the same time. AHLA means people of or family of.
Alkitabi: the book
Note: the root K-T-B and it means putting things together as in grouping the herd together or closing the lips or writing (the most common use), because in writing, one puts the letters and the ideas together. ALKITABI means, the process of writing or the book or anything related to it from the ideas to the ink and paper to the place where all is put together.
Qad: indeed
Jaakum: came to you (plural)
Note: the root is J-Y-Hamza and it means coming. One concrete word that is derived from this word is the pool where the rain water comes. JAA is an action that is completed and that is derived from the root. It means that the action of coming happened by the subject (third person singular pointing to RSOOLUNA=our messenger /envoy) to the object (KUM=plural you)

Rasooluna: our messenger/ envoy
Note: RASOOLU is derived from the root R-S-L and it means to envoy someone or a group of people or animals. The concrete word is RASL and it means a group of people or animals that were sent by their owners or senders. RASOOLU means envoy or messenger of. NA means us.
Yubayyinu: He makes clear/ He clarifies
Note: YUBAYYINU is derived the root B-Y-N and it means between. This word then assumes many meanings as separation and distancing between two or more things. It also carries the meaning of clarification between two things. Here, it adopts the meaning of clarification. YUBAYYINU is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of making clear or clarify is happening by the subject (third person singular pointing to the messenger/envoy).
Lakum: for you (plural)/ to you (plural)
AAala: upon/ on
Fatratin: cessation/ cooling down
Note: the root is F-T-R and it means when the hot water loses it’s heat. Conceptually, it is used when there is a cessation of activity or decrease in it. FATRATIN in this context means either cessation or cooling down.
Mina: of/ from
Alrrusuli: the messengers/ the envoys
Note: ALRRUSUL is derived from the root R-S-L and it means to envoy someone or a group of people or animals. The concrete word is RASL and it means a group of people or animals that were sent by their owners or senders. ALRRUSUL means the messengers and is the plural of Rasul who is the one that is sent and is used to mean the messenger because he was sent by the sender to the receiver.
An: that/ so that not/ so as not
Note: this one actually carries the meaning: So that not.
Taqooloo: you (plural) say/ communicate
Note: the root is Qaf-W-L and it means saying or communicating in any way possible whether in words or otherwise. TAQOOLOO is an action that is being completed or will be completed that is derived from the root. It means the action of saying happened by the subject (second person plural). This, in turn means: you say or you happen to say or communicate.
Ma: not
Jaana: came to us
Note: the root is J-Y-Hamza and it means coming. One concrete word that is derived from this word is the pool where the rain water comes. JAA is an action that is completed and that is derived from the root. It means that the action of coming happened by the subject (third person singular pointing to min basheerun= of carrier of glad tidings) to the object (NA=us)
Min: of / from
Basheerin: carrier of glad tidings
Note: the root B-SH-R and it means the outer skin of people. This is also a sign of beauty and good news in the abstract. BASHEERIN means carrier of good news or glad tidings.

Wala: and not/nor
Natheerin: Warner of consequences/ bearere of warning
Note: the root is N-TH-R and it means self imposed consequence. This means that a person will say that I will do this if this happened or that a person will have a consequence happen to him/her if another event happened. NATHEERIN is the one who informs about self imposed consequences of actions and in this context, it is close to warning when there is room and hope of changing the consequences.

Faqad: then indeed/for indeed
Jaakum: came to you (plural)
Note: the root is J-Y-Hamza and it means coming. One concrete word that is derived from this word is the pool where the rain water comes. JAA is an action that is completed and that is derived from the root. It means that the action of coming happened by the subject (third person singular pointing to BASHEERUN= carrier of glad tidings) to the object (KUM=plural you)
basheerun: carrier of glad tidings
Note: the root B-SH-R and it means the outer skin of people. This is also a sign of beauty and good news in the abstract. BASHEERUN means carrier of good news or glad tidings.

Wanatheerun: and warner/ including warner/ and bearer of warnings
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. NATHEERUN Is derived from the root N-TH-R and it means self imposed consequence. This means that a person will say that I will do this if this happened or that a person will have a consequence happen to him/her if another event happened. NATHEERUN is the one who informs about self imposed consequences of actions and in this context, it is close to warning when there is room and hope of changing the consequences.

waAllahu: and Allah
AAala: upon/ on
Kulli: every/ each
Note: KULLI is derived from the root K-L-L and it means the parts put together. This is the concrete and it means all or every or each. It can also be extended conceptually to mean the parts surrounding an entity. KULLI means every, or each.
Shayin: entity/ thing
Note: the root is SH-Y-Hamza and it means entity. SHAYIN means entity. It is taken here to mean a thing or entity
qadeerun: capable/ limiting
Note: the root is Qaf-D-R and it means in concrete cooking the meat in the pot. Conceptually it takes the meaning of measuring, putting limits on an entity and capability to cover the exact need and task. QADEERUN means: an entity that puts limits, measures and is capable to perform accordingly. This takes the meaning of all capable in this context and this includes imposing limits.

Salaam all and have a great day.

Hussein