5:45

Salaam all,



Wakatabna AAalayhim feeha anna alnnafsa bialnnafsi waalAAayna bialAAayni waalanfa bialanfi waalothuna bialothuni waalssinna bialssinni waaljurooha qisasun faman tasaddaqa bihi fahuwa kaffaratun lahu waman lam yahkum bima anzala Allahu faolaika humu alththalimoona

The aya says:
And we mandated upon them in her (The Torah) that the self by the self and the eye by the eye and the nose by the nose and the ear by the ear and the tooth by the tooth and the physical injuries are equitable payback. So, whomever made charity by him (the equitable payback) then it is an atonement for him. And whomever does not rule by what Allah brought down, then those are the unjust.

My personal note:
This Aya is well known and it relates to us what was related in the Torah and is applicable for us. It says that the tooth for the tooth and it relates to us that it is the rule of Qisas. Islamically speaking, this Qisas is applied to the principle of the equitable payback for the physical injuries including murder. Equitable payback can be through the right of the victim to ask for an exactly similar physical injury or a payment in money or otherwise for the worth of the loss or pain and so on.

The Aya then proceeds that if the victim forgave the aggressor then it is an atonement for the victim. This then mean that the equitable physical injury is the maximum that the victim can ask for with preferrance for forgiveness and even better forgiveness.

Translation of the translated words:
Wakatabna: and We wrote/ mandated
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. KATABNA is derived from the root K-T-B and it means putting together of things or beings and so forth. It is understood as writing because writing is the putting together of letters, words and ideas. KATABNA is an action that is completed. It means: writing happened by the subject (first person plural pointing to Allah). Writing can take one of two meanings: one is decree and the other is the meaning of pre-knowledge/documentation but not necessarily a decree. In this context, it carries a decree or mandate meaning.

AAalayhim: upon them
Feeha: in her (The Torah)
Anna: that
Alnnafsa: the self/ the living human/ the life
Note: ALNNAFS is derived from the root N-F-S and it means to breath. This is the concept and then it can extend to self or anything that breathes. ALNNAFS means the self and here it points to the living human or the life.

Bialnnafsi: by the self/ the life
Note: Bi denotes that what comes after is a tool and/or an object or an association with an action that was mentioned. If it is an object of the action then it makes it stronger. ALNNAFS is derived from the root N-F-S and it means to breath. This is the concept and then it can extend to self or anything that breathes. ALNNAFS means the self and here it points to the living human or the life.
waalAAayna: and the eye
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. ALAAaYN is derived from the root Ain-Y-N and it means eye and water spring in the concrete. It could be that both are related in the fact that they have water oozing out of them. ALAAaYNI means the eye.
bialAAayni: by the eye
Note: Bi denotes that what comes after is a tool and/or an object or an association with an action that was mentioned. If it is an object of the action then it makes it stronger. ALAAaYN is derived from the root Ain-Y-N and it means eye and water spring in the concrete. It could be that both are related in the fact that they have water oozing out of them. ALAAaYNI means the eye.

Waalanfa: and the nose
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. ALANFA is derived from the root Hamza-N-F and it means nose. ALANF means the nose.
Bialanfi: by the nose
Note: Bi denotes that what comes after is a tool and/or an object or an association with an action that was mentioned. If it is an object of the action then it makes it stronger. ALANFI is derived from the root Hamza-N-F and it means nose. ALANF means the nose.

Waalothuna: and the ear
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. ALOTHUNA is derived from the root Hamza-TH-N and it means ear in concrete. It also means hearing, knowing and approving at the same time and may be extended to acting according to that knowledge. ALOTHUN means the ear.
Bialothuni: by the ear
Note: Bi denotes that what comes after is a tool and/or an object or an association with an action that was mentioned. If it is an object of the action then it makes it stronger. ALOTHUNi is derived from the root Hamza-TH-N and it means ear in concrete. It also means hearing, knowing and approving at the same time and may be extended to acting according to that knowledge. ALOTHUN means the ear.

Waalssinna: and the tooth
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. ALSINNA is derived from the root S-N-N and it means in concrete tooth or teeth. This word also takes many other meanings that are related in different words to the concrete. One of the meanings is aging and years, probably because the teeth change little with years and last long even after death. It is also used to mean the action that is repeated identically very much as the teeth chew identically through the years. In this context, it means tooth.

Bialssinni: by the tooth
Note: Bi denotes that what comes after is a tool and/or an object or an association with an action that was mentioned. If it is an object of the action then it makes it stronger. ALSINNI is derived from the root S-N-N and it means in concrete tooth or teeth. This word also takes many other meanings that are related in different words to the concrete. One of the meanings is aging and years, probably because the teeth change little with years and last long even after death. It is also used to mean the action that is repeated identically very much as the teeth chew identically through the years. In this context, it means tooth.

Waaljurooha: and the physical injuries/ including the injuries
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. ALJUROOHA is derived from the root J-R-HA and it means injury caused by a sharp object as knife nail or tooth. ALJUROOHU means that injuries or the cuts in the skin and so on.

Qisasun: equitable punishment or compensation
Note: the root is Qaf-Sad-Sad and it means cutting in concrete as in cutting hair or other things. Concpetually it is also used in telling a story because it is a cutting of the bigger story of lif. QISAS suggests a cut for a cut as a concept and that is the concept of equitable payback or punishment for the perpetrated injury.
Faman: so Whomever

Tasaddaqa: acted charitably/ decided to forego the compensation or equitable puishment
Note: the root is Sad-D-Qaf and it means truth in word or deed. When it is in deed, it takes the shape of charity as the act of truthfulness or that charity is considered giving what truly belongs to the ones who receive it. TASSADDAQA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of making charity is happened by the subject (third person plural). The “making charity” here points to foregoing the compensation or the equal punishment.
Bihi: by him/ With him
Note: Bi suggests that what comes after it is either an association with the action, a tool of the action or an object of the action or any combination of the three. If bi serves as an object of the action that it serves as an emphasis of the action. HI means him and it points to the right to inflict injury or ask compensation.
Fahuwa: then he/it
Kaffaratun: atonement
Note: the root is K-F-R and it means cover or bury in the ground, as in put the seed in the ground and cover it. This is then used conceptually for many purposes as in discarding and rejecting as well as burying. KAFFARATUN means the action that makes the bad deed buried and null and void, and it is used for atonement.
Lahu: for him
Waman: and whomever
Lam: not
yahkum: rules/ judges/ steers
Note: the root Ha-K-M and it means the steer that steers the animal. This word is used for ruling and judging as well as other meanings that contain steering as part of the concept. HAKEEM means wise or the steering. The steering means the entity that steers in the best way possible using the best tools of knowledge, compassion, justice and mercy, and that is wisdom. YAHKUM is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of ruling or judging is happening by the subject (third person singular).

Bima: by what/ with what/ in what
Note: Bi denotes that what comes after is a tool and/or an object or an association with an action that was mentioned. If it is an object of the action then it makes it stronger. MA means what

Anzala: He made come down/ He made arrive
Note: the root is N-Z-L and it carries the meaning of arrival to stay and descent. One concrete meaning is the descent of the person from his or her horse or camel as they arrive at the place where they plan to stay. ANZALA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of making arrive or making descend happened by the subject (third person singular).
Allahu: Allah
Faolaika: then those
Humu: they
Alththalimoona: the unjust
Note: the root is THA-L-M and it means darkness in the most concrete form. This word also takes the meaning of misplacing right from wrong and transgression or injustice since injustice is displacing right from wrong and a decision made in darkness. ALTHTHALIMOON are the unjust or the one who misplaces right from wrong intentionally and that is the one who decides and acts in darkness.

Salaam all and have a great day.

Hussein