9:30
وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ عُزَيْرٌ ابْنُ اللّهِ وَقَالَتْ النَّصَارَى الْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ اللّهِ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُم بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ يُضَاهِؤُونَ قَوْلَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِن قَبْلُ قَاتَلَهُمُ اللّهُ أَنَّى يُؤْفَكُونَ
Waqalati alyahoodu AAuzayrun ibnu Allahi waqalati alnnasara almaseehu ibnu Allahi thalika qawluhum biafwahihim yudahioona qawla allatheena kafaroo min qablu qatalahumu Allahu anna yufakoona
And a known group of the Jews said: Ezra is the son of Allah, and the known group of the Christians said: the messiah is the son of God. This is their saying with their mouths. They resemble the saying of the rejecters from before. May Allah defeat them how they flip.
I translated the ALYAHOOD as “a known group” which is different from the more common translations of “The Jews”. This is because the AL, which is often translated as “the” is more of a pointer to a known group rather than a generalization of the whole group. So, the Aya is not pointing to all the Jewish people but to a particular group that said so. This is also the understanding of the books of Commentary as Tabari where he points out that it was one person or a small group of people who said this kind of saying. I did the same meaning for the Christians although it is certainly a minority that claims that Jesus is not the son of God. The point here is that such sayings are equal to or things that were adopted from the believers of other religions and of polytheists and opposite to the true monotheism which those two groups are supposed to adhere to and is more reflective of their true and original religious teachings. It is also a big warning for Muslims not to fall into the same error at one point in the future.
The term QATALAHUM ALLAH is a form of idiomatic curse in a sense that means : “may Allah defeat them or cause them to be on the opposite of his side” and so on.
Waqalati: and said/ and claimed
Note: WA here is to start a sentence. QALATI is derived from the root Qaf-W-L and it means saying in any way possible. QALATI is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means the action of saying happened by the subject (third person plural). This, in turn means: He said or responded or communicated.
Alyahoodu: the Jews/ an identifiable Jewish group
Note: AL is often translated as the but it suggests that the speaker and the addressed know who is particularly spoken about of a bigger issue or group or people. YAHOODU means Jews. It is derived from the root H-W-D and it means repentance and return to God. It is used mainly to point to Judaism, often specifically.
AAuzayrun: Ozair/ Ezra
Ibnu: son of
Allahi: Allah
Waqalati: and said/ and claimed
Note: WA here is to start a sentence. QALATI is derived from the root Qaf-W-L and it means saying in any way possible. QALATI is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means the action of saying happened by the subject (third person plural). This, in turn means: He said or responded or communicated.
Alnnasara: the Christians/ an identifiable Christian group
Note: the root N-Sad-R and it means aid or help at a time of need. NASARA means: supporters or helpers at the time of need. It is a term that is used for Christians in the Qur’an because they were the ones who supported and aided Jesus (pbuh)
Almaseehu: the Messiah/ the anointed one/ the scrubbed one
Note: the root is M-S-Ha and it means swipe one surface opposite another or rub. It could also mean anoint. ALMASEEHU means the Messiah or the anointed one or rubbed one.
Ibnu: son of
Allahi: Allah
Thalika: that
Qawluhum: their statement/ their saying
Note: QAWLU is derived from the root Qaf-W-L and it means saying or communicating. QAWLU means: saying or communicating of. HUM means them.
Note: BI signifies an attachment or close linkage between what is before and what is after it. In a Verbal sentence it can mean attachment to the action or to the subject as it does the action. This attachment can then signify many things according to the verb and to the sentence and so on. AFWAHIHIM is derived from the root F-W and it means mouth. AFWAHIHIM means their mouths.
Yudahioona: they say similar/ they liken/ they say equal to/ they imitate/ they resemble
Note: the root is Dhad-H-Hamza and it means to be alike. YUDAHIOONA is an action that is happening or will be happening. It means: the action of likening to the object (QAWLA- saying of) is happening in an interactive way by the subject (third person plural).
Qawla: saying of/ statements of/ declarations of
Note: QAWLA is derived from the root Qaf-W-L and it means saying or communicating. QAWLA means: saying or communicating of.
Allatheena: those who
Kafaroo: rejected (Allah and His message)/ discarded
Note: the root is K-F-R and it means cover or bury in the ground, as in put the seed in the ground and cover it. This is then used conceptually for many purposes as in discarding and rejecting as well as burying. KAFARO is an action that is completed. It means: the action of rejection or discarding of the object (not declared, but understood from the context to point to God and/or the message) happened by the subject (third person plural).
Min: from
qablu: before you (singular)
Note: the root Qaf-B-L and it means front. This is then carried in time or space or any plain of thought. If it is in time, then front means before, while place would be in front. It is used to mean acceptance and reception since we receive and accept using our fronts. QABLU here is front in time and that is before.
Qatalahumu: May Allah fight them
Note: QATALA is derived from the root Qaf-T-L and it means killing or actions that potentially can lead to death including injury and others. QATALA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of fighting the object (HUM= them) happened by the subject (third person singular pointing to Allah). However this is an idiom of that may point to a curse or some sort of it lack of blessing and putting them as opposing Allah in a dispute.
Allahu: Allah
Anna: How come? / as much as
yufakoona: they get drifted/ get misplaced/get mislead/ get flipped
Note: the root is Hamza-F-K and it means when an entity misses a target or gets misplaced. In concrete it is given to the land that the rain skips and anything out of place. It is also used for the land that is turned upside down by a disaster or wind or otherwise. Conceptually, it takes many meanings depending on the context and those include turning away from the truth as well as saying untruth. In this one it points to drifting from the truth and misplacing it and so on. YUFAKOONA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of becoming drifted or misplaced from the truth happened to the object (third person plural) by an undeclared subject.
Salaam all and have a great day
Hussein
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