2:193

Salaam all,

This is 2:193
وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لاَ تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ وَيَكُونَ الدِّينُ لِلّهِ فَإِنِ انتَهَواْ فَلاَ عُدْوَانَ إِلاَّ عَلَى الظَّالِمِينَ
Waqatiloohum hatta la takoona fitnatun wayakoona addeenu lillahi faini intahaw fala AAudwana illa AAala aththalimeen

The Aya says:
And fight them so that there will not be severe testing, and so that the obligation will belong to ALLAH. Therefore, if they stopped (fighting), then do not aggress except on the transgressors.

My personal note:
The aya continues the theme that started in 2:190. It explains why Muslims fight the ones that fight them in 2:190. The reason that is mentioned is so that there is no severe testing done to the Muslims by the hands of the people that fight them. This severe testing can be persecution, or the killing of the people that should not be killed, just because of religious belief.

However, once they stop fighting the Muslims, then the Muslims will be obligated not to fight except the ones that misplace right and wrong through aggression against the Muslims.

The statement, the obligation will belong to ALLAH means: so that people will be free to fulfill their obligation to ALLAH, which is the definition of Islam.

Translation of the transliterated words:
Waqatiloohum: and fight them/and engage them in killing opposite killing
Note: WA means and. QATILOOHUM is derived from the root Qaf-T-L and it means killing. QATILOO is an order to a group of people that is derived from the root. This verb form is interactive in nature. It literally means engage killing opposite killing or against a group of people. HUM means them and therefore QATILOOHUM means engage them in killing opposite killing. This, in turn means fight them.
Hatta: until in time or place or circumstance/so that
Note: hatta means until in time or place or circumstance. When it is circumstance then it means so that.
La: no
Takoona: being/arrive being/will be
Note: the root is K-W-N and it means being. TAKOONA is the third person singular feminine present or future tense of a verb that is derived from the root. This verb means arrive being or just being. The feminine word is FITNATUN that follows.
Fitnatun: Severe testing
Note: the root F-T-N and it means in concrete form, the melting of Gold or silver in order to know the pure from the impure or the true from the fake. Therefore, in abstract, the word suggests an extreme test with hardship in it, or a burn with fire or even taking someone’s eyes with the glitter of the false Gold and silver. Here, it means the severe test that has hardship in it. FITNATUN is severe testing of persecution or hardship that can be imposed on people.
Wayakoona: and arrive being/and being/will be
Note: WA means and. YAKOONA is derived from the root the root is K-W-N and it means being. YAKOONA is the third person singular masculine present or future tense of a verb that is derived from the root. This verb means arrive being or just being. The masculine word is ADDEENU that follows.
Addeenu: The obligation
Note: the root is D-Y-N and it means obligation in general. This obligation could be a debt that has to paid back or a law that has to be abided by. The word is commonly translated as religion. So, in a sense, the meaning of DEEN in Arabic is the obligation of man towards GOD and that would be the essence of religion.
Lillahi: To Allah/To the GOD
Faini: therefore if
Intahaw: they made themselves stop/they made themselves cease
Note: the root is N-H-Y and it means stopping short of doing something or just stopping. It can be used as an ending of something or as an order to stop doing something or to stop before doing something. INTAHAW is the third person plural past tense of a verb that is derived from the root. This verb means made selves become stopping in a literal sense. This in turn means made themselves stop or just stop.
Fala: therefore no
AAudwana: overstepping of boundaries/aggression
Note: the root is Ain-D-W and it means running or overstepping boundaries since the running is a form of overstepping a boundary. AAuDWANA is overstepping of boundaries as in aggression
Illa: except
AAala: on
Aththalimeen: the ones that misplace right and wrong/the transgressors
Note: the root is THTH-L-M and it means darkness. This is the concrete word. In Abstract it means transgression or misplacing right and wrong because that is an act that is done in darkness.

Salaam all and have a great day

Hussein