5:6

Salaam all,

This is 5:6
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلاةِ فاغْسِلُواْ وُجُوهَكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى الْمَرَافِقِ وَامْسَحُواْ بِرُؤُوسِكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ إِلَى الْكَعْبَينِ وَإِن كُنتُمْ جُنُبًا فَاطَّهَّرُواْ وَإِن كُنتُم مَّرْضَى أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ أَوْ جَاء أَحَدٌ مَّنكُم مِّنَ الْغَائِطِ أَوْ لاَمَسْتُمُ النِّسَاء فَلَمْ تَجِدُواْ مَاء فَتَيَمَّمُواْ صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا فَامْسَحُواْ بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُم مِّنْهُ مَا يُرِيدُ اللّهُ لِيَجْعَلَ عَلَيْكُم مِّنْ حَرَجٍ وَلَـكِن يُرِيدُ لِيُطَهَّرَكُمْ وَلِيُتِمَّ نِعْمَتَهُ عَلَيْكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ
Ya ayyuha allatheena amanoo itha qumtum ila alssalati faighsiloo wujoohakum waaydiyakum ila almarafiqi waimsahoo biruoosikum waarjulakum ila alkaAAbayni wain kuntum junuban faittahharoo wain kuntum marda aw AAala safarin aw jaa ahadun minkum mina alghaiti aw lamastumu alnnisaa falam tajidoo maan fatayammamoo saAAeedan tayyiban faimsahoo biwujoohikum waaydeekum minhu ma yureedu Allahu liyajAAala AAalaykum min harajin walakin yureedu liyutahhirakum waliyutimma niAAmatahu AAalaykum laAAallakum tashkuroona

The aya says:
O you who made themselves safe, if and when you rose to the ritual prayer then wash your faces and your arms to the elbows and rub (with water) your heads and wash your feet to the ankles. And if you happened to be in post ejaculation then ritually cleanse yourselves. And if you happened to be ill/ weak or travelling or came one of you from the excretion (of urine, stool or gas) or interactively touched the women, then you did not find water so seek good dust/ top of the earth, then rub your faces and your hands from it. Allah does not seek to cause upon you (plural) difficulty, but instead He seeks to spiritually cleanse you and to perfect His favor upon you, perhaps you act thankfully.

My personal note:
There is an area that can be open to discussion. It is the issue of whether one washes the feet or rubs them with water. That is one area of difference between Sunnis and Shia. The word ARJULAKUM= your feet came to us with a A and this suggests that it is an object of the order WASH that came earlier even though the word itself came after the order RUB. If it is to follow the order RUB then one would have expected it to be ARJULIKUM with an I. This alternative reading, the I, has been suggested by a small group of people. That is why the washing would be the choice that I would make and God knows best.

Tabari, in his tafseer, suggests that the feet are to be washed and rubbed well at the same time rather than just washing or just rubbing.

Translation of the transliterated words:

Ya ayyuha allatheena: O those who
Note: the three words used here are callings.
Amanoo: made themselves safe
Note: the root is Hamza-M-N and it means safe or safety. AMANOO is an action that is derived from the root and that is completed. It means: the action of making the object (not mentioned and therefore the subject and the object can be the same entity here) become safe happened by the subject (third person plural). So, it ends up meaning: they made themselves safe.
Itha: if and when
Qumtum: you (plural) rose/ stood
Note: the root is Qaf-W-M and it means standing upright or standing. The upright can be in all planes of position and for a horizontal dimension it means straight. QUMTUM is an action that is completed. It means: the action of standing upright happened by the subject (second person plural).
Ila: to/ towards
Alssalati: the ritual prayer
Note: the root is Sad-L-Y and it means two main things in concrete. One is the lower back area and this one is used for one who is racing towards a goal and the head is close to the lower back of the one who is ahead. It is also used in concrete to mean heat and warmth and fire. The word is used for prayer as well. In this context, ALSSALATA is the ritual prayer.
Faighsiloo: then wash
Note: FA means then or therefore or so. IGHSILOO is derived from the root Ghain-S-L and it means: when the fluid flows on the body. It is then used for washing mostly. IGHSILOO is an order or a request addressed to a group of people. It means: wash. The objects of this action are (Wujoohakum= your faces, AYDIYAKUM= your hands and ARJULAKUM= your legs.)
Wujoohakum: your faces
Note: the root is W-J-H and it means face. It is used conceptually to mean what meets the eye or what receives others, since the face is what we meet first. WUJOOHA means face of. KUM means plural you.

Waaydiyakum: and your hands/ arms
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. AYDIYAKUM is derived from the root Y-D and it means hand. It is also used conceptually for anything that shares features or functions of hands or the upper arm. AYDIYA means hands of. KUM means plural you.
Ila: to/ towards
Almarafiqi: the elbow joints
Note: the root is R-F-QAf and it points to any treatment that includes kindness and excludes harshness. ALMARAFIQI means the elbow joints and it’s relationship to kindness is that it enables the hands to take care of the body.
Waimsahoo: and rub
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. IMSAHOO is derived from the root M-S-Ha and it means swipe one surface opposite another or rub. It could also mean anoint. IMSAHOO is an order or request addressing a group. It means: rub.

Biruoosikum: by your heads/ with your heads/ in your heads
Note: Bi denotes that what comes after is a tool and/or an object or an association with an action that was mentioned. If it is an object of the action then it makes it stronger. RUOOSIKUM is derived from the root R-Hamza-S and it means: top of an entity. This is then understood according to the context. RUOOSI means tops of. KUM means plural you. In this it is pointing to our tops and those are our heads.

Waarjulakum: and wash your feet
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. ARJULAKUM is derived from the root R-J-L and it means legs or feet. The word also means men depending on the situation. One possible link could be because when men and women are in the caravan and the ability to ride is limited, then the men will be on their legs, while the women will be riding the camels or so forth. ARJULA means feet of. KUM means plural you. Here it is following the original order of washing rather than rubbing because it came with ARJULA which points to the action of washing rather than AEJULI which would point to the action of rubbing.
Ila: towards/ to/ until
alkaAAbayni: the two ankles
Note: the root is K-Ain-B and in concrete it points to the ankle or the two bones that protrude at the ankle. It is then conceptually used for any three dimensional or cubic entity. ALKaAABAYNI are the two ankles.
Wain: and if
Kuntum: you (plural) happened to be/ were
Note: the root is K-W-N and it means being. KUNTUM is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means: the action of being happened by the subject (second person plural). This in turn means: you (plural) happened to be

Junuban: post ejaculation
Note: the root is J-N-B and it means side of an entity. This word then takes many meanings according to the context, including setting aside, as in avoiding or rejecting as well as being close as in being beside an entity. JUNUBAN is a term that is used to point to a man or woman who had ejaculations. The relationship with the “side” is not 100% clear to me, but this is the meaning of the term.
Faittahharoo: then ritually cleanse yourselves
Note: FA means then or therefore or so. ITTAHAROO is derived from the root TTa-H-R and it means clean or cleansed in a concrete, spiritual and other senses. In the Qur’an it is often used for ritual cleansing often if not all the time. ITTAHAROO is an order or request addressed to a group. It means: ritually cleanse yourselves.
Wain: and if
Kuntum: you (plural) happened to be/ were
Note: the root is K-W-N and it means being. KUNTUM is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means: the action of being happened by the subject (second person plural). This in turn means: you (plural) happened to be
Marda: sick/ weak
Note: the root is M-R-Dhad and it means literally a situation where someone or something is lacking from being their full complete selves. As a cocnept it is used for illness, weakness or anything that makes for an imbalance. MARDA are the people who are ill or sick or weak or unable to be their complete selves.
aw: or
AAala: on
safarin: Travel
Note: the root is S-F-R and it means sweeping something so that it becomes clear and apparent to the sight or exposed. The term is also used for travel because traveling makes the traveler exposed more clearly and it exposes the traveler to seeing other things more clearly. SAFAR means travel in this situation. The IN at the end is due to grammatical location.
Aw: or
Jaa: came
Note: the root is J-Y-Hamza and it means coming. One concrete word that is derived from this word is the pool where the rain water comes. JAA is an action that is completed and that is derived from the root. It means that the action of coming happened by the subject (third person singular pointing to AHADUN=one)
Ahadun: one/ anyone
Note: the root is W-Ha-D and it means one. AHADIN means one. In this sense, it takes the idea of anyone
MinKum: from you (plural)/ amongst you (plural)
Mina: from
Alghaiti: the relieving area/ the excretion
Note: the root is GHain-W-TTA and it means in concrete the land that is lower than it’s surrounding area. Conceptually it is used for the good agricultural land that can have easy access to irrigation and also the area where one would relieve himself/herself from stool or urine or gas. ALGHAIT is the area of relieving oneself from excretions.
Aw: or
Lamastumu: touched interactively/ had sex with/ felt interactively
Note: the root is L-M-S and it means skin feeling an object. LAMASTUM is an action that is completed. It means: the action of skin of the subject (second person plural) feeling the object (alnnisaa= the women) interactively, happened. This is then skin feeling another skin and is used to mean mainly sex, or at least some form of foreplay.

Alnnisaa: the women
Note: the word means the women. It has two potential roots that may be related to it. The first N-S-Y and it is the one used for women. This same root is used for the sciatic nerve as a concrete word and for forgetting. The relation between the different meanings is only in an indirect manner. Another root is N-S-Hamza and it means putting things behind in time or space of delaying things. Concrete words are the women that have a delay in the menses because of possibility of pregnancy. ALNNISAA are the women.
Falam: then not/ so not
Tajidoo: you (plural) found
Note: the root is W-J-D and it means in one concrete meaning the water that has accumulated in the desert. This is then used to mean a find that is really important. TAJIDOO is an action that is derived from the root. It means: the action of finding is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person plural) to the object (Maan=water that is coming up).
Maan: water
Note: the root is M-Y-Hamza and it means water. Conceptually, it can be used to any form of liquid depending on the context. It also can apply to all the natures of water, vapor, liquid and solid. MAAN means water here.
Fatayammamoo: then seek
Note: Fa means then or so or therefore. TAYAMMAMOO is derived from the root Hamza-M-M and it means mother or sources/origin if said as UMM and destination if said as AMM. The AMM is taken for seeking something or somewhere as well and it is the one used here. TAYAMMAMOO is an order for action or a request. It is addressing a group of people and it means: Seek.
saAAeedan: surface/ surface of earth/dust
Note: the root is Sad-Ain-D and it means in concrete, going uphill or going higher. This is then used conceptually in different ways as in to mean moving uphill and others. SaAAeeDAN is the top of the earth or any entity on the surface of the earth, which is mainly dust.
Tayyiban: good
Note: the root is Ta-Y-B and it means good and leads to goodness. The term is used for anything that is good and leads to good results. TAYYIBAN is the good who does good or just the entity that causes good.
Faimsahoo: then rub/swipe
Note: FA means then or therefore or so. IMSAHOO is derived from the root M-S-Ha and it means swipe one surface opposite another or rub. It could also mean anoint. IMSAHOO is an order addressing a group of people. It means: rub or swipe.

Biwujoohikum: your faces
Note: Bi denotes that what comes after is a tool and/or an object or an association with an action that was mentioned. If it is an object of the action then it makes it stronger. WUJOOHIKUM is derived from the root W-J-H and it means face. It is used conceptually to mean what meets the eye or what receives others, since the face is what we meet first. WUJOOHI means faces of. KUM is plural you.
Waaydeekum: and your hands
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. AYDEEKUM is derived from the root Hamza-Y-D and it means hand and then it takes different meanings according to the plane of thought. AYDEE means hands of. KUM is a plural you.
Minhu: from him
Ma: not
Yureedu: He wants/ seeks
Note: the root is R-W-D and it means in concrete the person that goes ahead of the people looking for resources. Therefore, the word has within it the meanings of pioneering, seeking and desiring. YUREEDU is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of seeking or wanting is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person singular).
Allahu: Allah
liyajAAala: to make/ to cause
Note: LI means to or in order to. YAJAAaLA is derived from the root J-Ain-L and it means making or to make. YAJAAaLA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of making the object (HARAJIN=hardship) is happening or will be happening by the subject (Allah).
AAalaykum: upon you (plural)
Min: of/from
Harajin: narrowness/ distaste/ inhospitality/difficulty
Note: the root is HA-R-J and it means in concrete, the place that is so thickly wooded that the sheepherder cannot herd his sheep. Conceptually, it can take many meanings mainly narrowness as a concept according to the context. In this context, HARAJIN carries the meaning of narrowness in the form of hardship and difficulty.
Walakin: but instead
Yureedu: He wants/ seeks
Note: the root is R-W-D and it means in concrete the person that goes ahead of the people looking for resources. Therefore, the word has within it the meanings of pioneering, seeking and desiring. YUREEDU is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of seeking or wanting is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person singular).
Liyutahhirakum: to purify you (plural)/ ritually cleanse you (plural)/ spiritually cleanse you (plural)
Note: LI means to or in order to. YUTAHHIRAKUM is derived from the root TTa-H-R and it means clean or cleansed in a concrete, spiritual and other senses. In the Qur’an it is often used for ritual cleansing often if not all the time. YUTAHHIRAKUM is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of making the object (KUM=second person plural) cleansed or ritually/spiritually cleansed is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person singular pointing to God).

Waliyutimma: and in order that He perfect
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. LI means to or in order to. YUTIMMA is derived from the root T-M-M and it means to become complete or perfect or reach the best potential. In concrete it is used for the moon when it is most full, or the night when it is at it’s longest and so on. Conceptually, it is taken to mean complete or perfect or reaching the best potential. YUTIMMA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of making the object (Niaamatahu=his favor/softness) complete or perfect or reach it’s highest/best is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person singular). .
niAAmatahu: his favor/ his softness
Note: the root is N-Ain-M and it means soft in the concrete sense. Conceptually, it means anything that can be understood as soft as in soft to touch and soft in treatment and soft life as in a life that does not have much hardship. NiAAMATA is favor belonging to or soft treatment of. HU means Him and it points to God
AAalaykum: upon you (plural)
laAAallakum: perhaps you (plural)
tashkuroona: thank/ act in thanks/ act thankfully
Note: the root is SH-K-R and it means thanking and it is generally understood as thanking in words or deeds. TASHKUROON is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of thanking the object (not mentioned but points to Allah) in words or deeds is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person plural).


Salaam all and have a great day.

Hussein