5:106

Salaam all,


Ya ayyuha allatheena amanoo shahadatu baynikum itha hadara ahadakumu almawtu heena alwasiyyati ithnani thawa AAadlin minkum aw akharani min ghayrikum in antum darabtum fee alardi faasabatkum museebatu almawti tahbisoonahuma min baAAdi alssalati fayuqsimani biAllahi ini irtabtum la nashtaree bihi thamanan walaw kana tha qurba wala naktumu shahadata Allahi inna ithan lamina alathimeena

The Aya says:
O you who made themselves safe, witnessing between you when death became present to one of you, at the time of the will. Two of justice from amongst you or two others from other than you if you were travelling then were hit by the hit of death. You hold both of them from after the ritual prayer, then they both swear by Allah if you had unsettling doubt that we (pointing to the witnesses) do not take in exchange a price, even if he happened to be a relative, nor do we suppress Allah’s witnessing. Otherwise, we certainly would be amongst the sinners.

My personal note:
This is an Aya that asks us to make a will and to have two witness on it as death is approaching us. It asks that the witnesses swear that they are saying the truth and not hide any information that is needed to be known or else they accept their sin.

The aya gives the witnessing that they do as “Allah’s witnessing” which adds extra amphasis on the truth that needs to be said at the time, including sharing all there is without changing nor ommitting part of the will.

The Aya used the term HABS which is used to mean hold them back. The term had been used for jail and so on, but can be used for any form of holding back a person or an entity for a reason of some sort.

Translation of the transliterated words:
Ya ayyuha allatheena: O those who
Note: the three words used here are callings.
Amanoo: made themselves safe
Note: the root is Hamza-M-N and it means safe or safety. AMANOO is an action that is derived from the root and that is completed. It means: the action of making the object (not mentioned and therefore the subject and the object can be the same entity here) become safe happened by the subject (third person plural). So, it ends up meaning: they made themselves safe.

Shahadatu: witnessing of
Note: the root is SH-H-D and it means witnessing of truth and it also denotes that the witness knows very well what he or she is witnessing about. The concrete meaning is the honey mixed with wax therefore the wax is the witness of the truth that the honey is the honey. Another concrete meaning is the baby that was just born and is covered with a membrane. In both, there is close association which is proof or witness of the fact. SHAHADATU means witnessing of.

Baynikum: of between you (plural)
Itha: when/ if/ if and when
Hadara: came to
Note: the root is ha-dhad-r and it means in one of the concrete meanings of city or village. This is then extended to the concept of the continuing presence, or continuing appearance or at times being present. HADARA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of being present happened to the object (AHADAKUM=one of you) by the subject (third person singular pointing to Al mawt= the death).

Ahadakumu: one of you/ anyone of you
Note: the root is W-Ha-D and it means one. AHADA means one of or anyone of. KUM means plural you.
Almawtu: the death/ death
Note: the root is M-W-T and it means death or the opposite of life or the lack of voluntary movement. ALMAWTU means the death or just death.
Heena: at time of
alwasiyyati: the will
Note: the root is W-Sad-Y and it means in concrete terms the plants that are interconnected together so that you would not be able to tell where one ends and the other starts. Conceptually, it is used when one person asks others to take care or business or persons and so forth. Therefore it is used for the will of the deceased but also for any occasion when one asks another to take care of some issue.. The essence of the meaning is the continuing legacy or connecting legacy of one person to another through the will or the asking to take care of an issue or more. ALWASIYYATI is the will.
ITHNANI: two
Thawa: two of
AAadlin: justice/ uprightness
Note: the root is AIN-D-L and it means just or straightforward or straight without bends. Conceptually it is used to point to justice or equitable exchange and straightforward dealings. AAaDL means justice or uprightness and so on.
Minkum: from amongst you (plura)
Aw: or
Akharani: two remaining/ two others
Note: the root is Hamza-KH-R and it means remaining. AKHARANI means remaining or the later two. This, in turn means two othersin this context.

Min: from/ of
Ghayrikum: other than you
Note: GHAYRI is derived from the root GH-Y-R and it means different or other. GHAYRI means other than. KUM means plural you.
In: if
Antum: you (plural)
Darabtum: you (plural) hit with measure and purpose/ moved with measure and purpose/ workedNote: the root is Dhad-R-B and it means hitting of the limbs to serve a function. The word carries mainly three components to the meaning, the hitting of the limbs, a measure and a purpose. This then has many meanings including hitting, or traveling or working with the limbs and so on and so forth. In this context, it points to fighting in a sense. DARABTUM is an action that is completed. It means: the action of hitting of the limbs happened by the subject (second person plural). This takes the meaning of moving, travelling or working in this context.
Fee: in
Alardi: the land/ the earth
Note: the root is Hamza-R-Dhad and it means land or earth. AlARDI is the land or the earth. DARABTUM FEE ALARDI means you were travelling.
Faasabatkum: then hit you (plural)/ targeted and hit you
Note: FA means then or therefore or so. ASABATKUM is derived from the root Sad-W-B and it means in one of the concrete usages the rain falling on a place. This word is then used to mean hitting the target correctly or being correct, because the rain is correct in hitting it’s target. ASABATKUM is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means the hitting of the object (KUM= plural you) was made to happen by the subject (third person singular feminine pointing to museebatu almawt= the hit of death).

Museebatu: hit of/ incident of/ targeting and hit of
Note: the root Sad-W-B and it means in one of the concrete usages the rain falling on a place. This word is then used to mean hitting the target correctly or being correct, because the rain is correct in hitting it’s target. MUSEEBATU is hit of or targeting and hit of .

almawti: the death/ death
Note: the root is M-W-T and it means death or the opposite of life or the lack of voluntary movement. ALMAWTI means the death or just death.
Tahbisoonahuma: you (plural) hold the two back
Note: the root is HA-B-S and it means holding an entity back rather than let it go on it’s way. Conceptually it is used for prison but it can also be used for drought as in the rain being held back and so on. TAHBISOONAHUMA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of holding back the object (HUMA= the two) is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person plural).
Min: from
baAAdi: after
Note: the root is B-Ain-D and it means further in time or space. In space it means farther in distance and in time, it means after. BaAADI here means: after.

Alssalati: the ritual prayer
Note: the root is Sad-L-Y and it means two main things in concrete. One is the lower back area and this one is used for one who is racing towards a goal and the head is close to the lower back of the one who is ahead. It is also used in concrete to mean heat and warmth and fire. The word is used for prayer as well. In this context, ALSSALATA is the ritual prayer.
fayuqsimani : so the two swear/ they make an oath
Note: FA means therefore or so or then. YUQSIMANI is derived from the root Qaf-S-M and it means dividing an entity to parts or portions that are binding to all who receive it. Conceptually, some derivatives of the root take the meaning of oath and that is because the person who makes an oath is promising to keep his part/portion of the deal. YUQSIMANI is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of making an oath or making and guaranteeing a part or portion is happening or will be happening by the subject (dual form). The making and guaranteeing a part is the oath.
biAllahi: by Allah/ in Allah
Note: Bi denotes that what comes after is a tool and/or an object or an association with an action that was mentioned. If it is an object of the action then it makes it stronger. ALLAH is Allah
Ini: if
Irtabtum: you (plural) had disturbing doubt/ unsettling doubt
Note: the root is R-Y-B and it means doubt mixed with disturbance or unsettling doubt. IRTABTUM is an action that is completed. It means: the action of making one self have disturbing or unsettling doubt happened by the subject (second person plural).

la nashtaree: we do not take in exchange
Note: LA is for negation of the action that follows. NASHTAREE is derived from the root SH-R-Y and it means selling something to get something in return or buying something and paying with something else or taking something and giving in return something else. NASHTAREE is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of taking an object (thaman = price) in exchange for another object (BIHI= by him and points to the witnessing) is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural).
bihi: in him (the witnessing or the will)
Note: Bi denotes that what comes after is a tool and/or an object or an association with an action that was mentioned. If it is an object of the action then it makes it stronger. HI means him and it points here to the witnessing or the will.
thamanan: a price
Note: the root is TH-M-N and it means eight as the number eight. This is the concrete and for the abstract it is used to mean price or at times pricey.

Walaw: even if
Kana: he happened to be/ he was
Note: the root is K-W-N and it means being. KANA is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means: the action of being happened by the subject (third personal singular or plural but singular in this sentence). This in turn means: He was or He happened to be
Tha: one of
Qurba: nearness/ relative
Note: the root is Qaf-R-B and it means nearing or becoming near. QURBA means nearness and it can cover nearness in blood ties or nearness in friendship although it is more linked to blood ties.

wala naktumu: nor do we suppress/ hide
Note: WALA is used to take the meaning of nor or additional negation coming up. NAKTUMU is derived from the root K-T-M and it means in concrete a vine kind of plant that is close to the ground and does not rise on it’s own. In abstract, it means anything that is suppressed so that it is not known or so that it is hidden. NAKTUMU is an action that is derived from the root and that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of suppressing is happening or will be happening by the subject (first person plural) to the object (shahadata= witnessing)

shahadata: witnessing of/ testimony of
Note: the root is SH-H-D and it means witnessing of truth and it also denotes that the witness knows very well what he or she is witnessing about. The concrete meaning is the honey mixed with wax therefore the wax is the witness of the truth that the honey is the honey. Another concrete meaning is the baby that was just born and is covered with a membrane. In both, there is close association which is proof or witness of the fact. SHAHADATA means witnessing of.
Allahi: Allah
Inna: we
Ithan: then indeed
Note: inna ithan takes the meaning or “Otherwise we are indeed)
Lamina: from amongst
alathimeena the sinners/ the unjust
Note: the root is Hamza-TH-M and it means breaking of rule or rules of justice, morality and ethics. This means error or fault with a tinge of knowing it. ALaTHIMEENA are the people who practive the breaking of the rule of justice and morality while aware of it. It fits closely with sin when knowing that it is sin. It is also injustice.


Salaam all and have a great day.

Hussein