5:107

Salaam all,




Fain AAuthira AAala annahuma istahaqqa ithman faakharani yaqoomani maqamahuma mina allatheena istahaqqa AAalayhimu alawlayani fayuqsimani biAllahi lashahadatuna ahaqqu min shahadatihima wama iAAtadayna inna ithan lamina alththalimeena

The aya says:
So, if it was stumbled upon that they were rightly bound to a sin/ injustice then two others stand in their place from amongst those who the first two sought to take what is rightfully theirs. The (new) two will then swear by Allah that our witnessing is indeed more binding than their witnessing and we have not transgressed, otherwise we are then indeed amonst the unjust.

My personal note:
This Aya continues the theme of the one before it. It deals with the witnesses of the will on whom one discovers reason to doubt their veracity and in whose will there is some sort of injustice to others. In that case, some of the people who may have suffered injustice can swear as mentioned above to correct the situation, basically so as to protect the rights of every individual that is invovled here.

The Aya uses a term AuTHIRA and I translated it as “It was stumbled upon”. The term does point to stumbling upon something while walking. The significance of the term here is that one should not open an inquisition into people but if something reveals itself then one cannot and should not ignore it. It is again part of the theme of discouraging lots of paranoia or obsessive compulsive behaviour that makes it hard to function and move on.

Translation of the transliterated words:


Fain: so if
Aauthira: it was found/ it was stumbled
Note: the root is Ain-TH-R and it means tripping or stumbling upon something while walking. Conceptually, it is used for roadblocks as well as things that one runs into as discovers and stumbles upon in his or her routine doing of things. AAuTHIRA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of stumbling upon an entity happened by an undeclared subject.
Aaala: upon
Annahuma: that the two
Istahaqqa: deserved/ became rightly bound/ sought and became rightly bound
Note: ISTAHAQQA is derived from the root Ha-Qaf-Qaf and it means binding right where right means correct as well s what is due to one person (rights and obligations). ISTAHAQQA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of seeking and becoming rightly bound to an object (Ithman= sin/ injustice) happened by the subject (dual form pointing to the two witnesses)..

ithman: sin/ injustice
Note: the root is Hamza-TH-M and it means breaking of rule or rules of justice, morality and ethics. This means error or fault with a tinge of knowing it. ITHM is the breaking of the rule of justice and morality while aware of it. It fits closely with sin when knowing that it is sin. It is also injustice.
Faakharani: then two remaining/ two others
Note: FA means then or therefore or so. AKHARANI is derived from the root Hamza-KH-R and it means remaining. AKHARANI means remaining or the later two. This, in turn means two othersin this context.

Yaqoomani: the two stand
Note: YAQOOMAN is an action that is being completed or will be completed. The root is Qaf-W-M or Qaf-Y-M and it means standing upright or standing. The upright can be in all planes of position and for a horizontal dimension it means straight. Conceptually, it takes any meaning that is consistent with standing upright. YAQOOMAN means: The action of standing is happening or will be happening by the subject (dual form third person).

Maqamahuma: in their place
Note: the root is Qaf-W-M and it means standing upright. MAQAM is place or time of standing and this take the conceptual meaning of their standing. MAQAMA means place of standing of. HUMA is the dual form.
Mina: from
Allatheena: those who
Istahaqqa: deserved/ became rightly bound/ sought to be rightly bound
Note: ISTAHAQQA is derived from the root Ha-Qaf-Qaf and it means binding right where right means correct as well s what is due to one person (rights and obligations). ISTAHAQQA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of seeking and becoming rightly bound to an object (aaalayhimu= upon them) happened by the subject (third person singular or plural)..
Aaalayhimu: upon them
Note: istahaqqa alayhim takes the meaning of sought to take their right/ sought to take what is rightfully theirs.
Alawlayani: the two first ones/ the two more ultimate ones
Note: the root is Hamza-W-L and it means ultimate as a concept and takes different shapes and specific meanings according to the situation including first and so on. ALAWLAYANI means the two more ultimate ones and that is pointing to the first ones..

fayuqsimani : so the two swear/ they make an oath
Note: FA means therefore or so or then. YUQSIMANI is derived from the root Qaf-S-M and it means dividing an entity to parts or portions that are binding to all who receive it. Conceptually, some derivatives of the root take the meaning of oath and that is because the person who makes an oath is promising to keep his part/portion of the deal. YUQSIMANI is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of making an oath or making and guaranteeing a part or portion is happening or will be happening by the subject (dual form). The making and guaranteeing a part is the oath.
biAllahi: by Allah/ in Allah
Note: Bi denotes that what comes after is a tool and/or an object or an association with an action that was mentioned. If it is an object of the action then it makes it stronger. ALLAH is Allah

Lashahadatuna: indeed our witnessing
Note: LA is for emphasis of what is coming next. SHAHADATUNA is derived from the root SH-H-D and it means witnessing of truth and it also denotes that the witness knows very well what he or she is witnessing about. The concrete meaning is the honey mixed with wax therefore the wax is the witness of the truth that the honey is the honey. Another concrete meaning is the baby that was just born and is covered with a membrane. In both, there is close association which is proof or witness of the fact. SHAHADATU means witnessing of. NA means us

Ahaqqu: more binding truth/ more truthful/ more binding/ more deserving
Note: AHAQQU is derived from the root Ha-Qaf-Qaf and it means binding right where right means correct as well s what is due to one person (rights and obligations). AHAQQU means more binding and truthful and in this context it points to it being more deserving of being accepted.

Min: from
Shahadatihima: witnessing of the two
Note: SHAHADATIHIMA is derived from the root SH-H-D and it means witnessing of truth and it also denotes that the witness knows very well what he or she is witnessing about. The concrete meaning is the honey mixed with wax therefore the wax is the witness of the truth that the honey is the honey. Another concrete meaning is the baby that was just born and is covered with a membrane. In both, there is close association which is proof or witness of the fact. SHAHADATI means witnessing of. HIMA means two of them.

Wama: and not
iAAtadayna: we act as aggressors/ overstepped boundaries
Note: the root is Ain-D-W and it means running or overstepping boundaries since the running is a form of overstepping a boundary. Conceptually, it is also used to point to animosity since animosity stems from overstepping boundaries or enemies overstep boundaries of each other. iAATADAYNA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of overstepping boundaries or transgressing happened by the subject (dual form).
Inna: we
Ithan: then indeed
Note: inna ithan takes the meaning or “Otherwise we are indeed)
Lamina: from amongst
Alththalimeena: the unjust
Note: the root is THA-L-M and it means darkness in the most concrete form. This word also takes the meaning of misplacing right from wrong and transgression or injustice since injustice is displacing right from wrong and a decision made in darkness. ALTHTHALIMEEN are the unjust or the one who misplaces right from wrong intentionally and that is the one who decides and acts in darkness.


Salaam all and have a great day.

Hussein