2:249

Salaam all,

This is 2:249
فَلَمَّا فَصَلَ طَالُوتُ بِالْجُنُودِ قَالَ إِنَّ اللّهَ مُبْتَلِيكُم بِنَهَرٍ فَمَن شَرِبَ مِنْهُ فَلَيْسَ مِنِّي وَمَن لَّمْ يَطْعَمْهُ فَإِنَّهُ مِنِّي إِلاَّ مَنِ اغْتَرَفَ غُرْفَةً بِيَدِهِ فَشَرِبُواْ مِنْهُ إِلاَّ قَلِيلاً مِّنْهُمْ فَلَمَّا جَاوَزَهُ هُوَ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ مَعَهُ قَالُواْ لاَ طَاقَةَ لَنَا الْيَوْمَ بِجَالُوتَ وَجُنودِهِ قَالَ الَّذِينَ يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهُم مُّلاَقُو اللّهِ كَم مِّن فِئَةٍ قَلِيلَةٍ غَلَبَتْ فِئَةً كَثِيرَةً بِإِذْنِ اللّهِ وَاللّهُ مَعَ الصَّابِرِينَ
Falamma fasala talootu bialjunoodi qala inna Allaha mubtaleekum binaharin faman shariba minhu falaysa minnee waman lam yatAAamhu fainnahu minnee illa mani ightarafa ghurfatan biyadihi fashariboo minhu illa qaleelan minhum falamma jawazahu huwa waallatheena amanoo maAAahu qaloo la taqata lana alyawma bijaloota wajunoodihi qala allatheena yathunnoona annahum mulaqoo Allahi kam min fiatin qaleelatin ghalabat fiatan katheeratan biithni Allahi waAllahu maAAa alssabireena

The Aya says:
So, when Taloot differentiated the soldiers, he said: Verily, Allah (is) testing you (plural) with a river, so whoever drank from him (is) not from me, and whoever did not ingest him, then he (is) from me, except who scooped a scoop with his hand. So, they drank from him, except for a few of them. Therefore, when he (Taloot) crossed him (the river) with those who made themselves safe with him, they said: We (have) no ability to overpower Jaloot and his soldiers. The ones who thought that they (will be) meeting Allah said: How many (a) group of few beat (a) group of many by/with knowledge and approval of Allah, and Allah (is) with the patient people.

My personal note:
I just wanted to clarify the sentence “Except who scooped a scoop with his hand”. This is an exception to the prohibition which means: I prohibit you to drink except for a scoop with your hands.

Translation of the transliterated words:
Falamma: So, when
Fasala: he separated/divided/differentiated/distinguished
Note: the root is F-Sad-L and it means what makes the two things or more distinguishable from one another. This can be because of separation or because of joint or change of color or angle and so on. The action is more of distinction. FASALA is an action that is derived from the root. The action is completed and it means that the action of distinction happened by the subject (third person singular and points to Taloot). This then means: he distinguished.
Talootu: Taloot
Note: Here he is the subject of the previous verb.
Bialjunoodi: by/in the army/the soldiers
Note: BI suggests that the word that comes after it is either a tool for the action that was mentioned earlier (Fasala) or an object of that same action or both at the same time. ALJUNOODI is derived from the root J-N-D and it means group of people and so forth. It is also used to mean army. ALJUNOOD is the army.
Qala: he said
Note: this is derived from the root Qaf-W-L and it means saying in any way possible. QALA is an action that is completed and that is derived from the root and that means the saying or speech happened by the subject (singular third person). This, in turn means: he said.
Inna: Verily
Allaha: Allah/God
Mubtaleekum: testing you
Note: the root is B-L-Y and it means test or testing. MUBTALEEKUM means a state of testing of you (plural) by God and for God.
Binaharin: by river/by a water course
Note: BI is difficult to translate. In here it denotes that what is coming after it is a tool or an object of the action that was mentioned earlier, and that was the test. NAHRIN is derived from the root N-H-R and it means water course or river.
Faman: therefore who
Shariba: drank
Note: the root is SH-R-B and it means drinking. SHARIBA is an action that is completed that is related to the root. The action means that the action of drinking happened by the subject (third person singular)
Minhu: from him (the river)
Falaysa: therefore not
Minnee: of mine/from mine
Note: the previous words suggest that he was telling his soldiers that if they drank from the river then they are not part of his group.
Waman: and who
Lam: not
yatAAamhu: tasted him/ingested him
Note: the root is Ta-Ain-M and it means tasting or ingesting as in eating and so forth. YATAAaM is an action that is incomplete of the root. This means: the action of ingesting or tasting is happening or going to happen by the subject (third person singular masculing). The object is HU and it means him and it points to the river.
Fainnahu: therefore verily, he
Minnee: of mine/from mine
Note: the previous words suggest that he was telling his soldiers that the ones that did not drink or are not going to drink from the river are part of his group.
Illa: except
Mani: who
Ightarafa: scooped for himself
Note: the root is GH-R-F and it means scooping something with the hand and it is used for a scoop, but also for moving things with the palm of the hand or with any other tool that can serve that function. IGHTARAFA is an action that is derived from the root. This action means: the scooping happened by the subject for the subject (third person singular masculine)
Ghurfatan: scoop
Note: the root is GH-R-F and it means scooping something with the hand and it is used for a scoop, but also for moving things with the palm of the hand or with any other tool that can serve that function. GHURFATAN means a scoop.
Biyadihi: by/with his hand
Note: BI means that the word that comes after is either a tool or the object of the previous action. Here, it is a tool. YADI is derived from the root Y-D and it means hand. YADI means hand of. HI means him.
Fashariboo: So, they drank
Note: Fa means therefore or so. SHARIBOO is derived from the root SH-R-B and it means drinking. SHARIBOO is an action that is completed that is related to the root. The action means that the action of drinking happened by the subject (third person plural masculine)
Minhu: from him (the river)
Illa: except
Qaleelan: a few
Note: the root is Qaf-L-L and it means little number or becoming few. QALEELAN means a few.
Minhum: from them/of them
Falamma: therefore when/where
Jawazahu: He crossed him (the river)
Note: the root is J-W-Z and it means crossing a road or a river or any obstacle in the abstract sense. JAWAZA is an action that is completed and that is derived from the root. It means that the action of crossing happened in an interactive manner by the subject (third person singular). The object is HU and it means him and it points to the river. So, Jawazahu means: He crossed him
Huwa: He (Taloot)
Waallatheena: and those who
Amanoo: made themselves safe
Note: the root is Hamza-M-N and it means safety. AMANOO is an action that is completed that is related to the root. The action means: made safety happen by the subject (third person plural). The object is not declared here, but it is understood that the subject and the object are the same people. So, the meaning os Amanoo is: they made themselves safe.
maAAahu: with him
qaloo: they said
Note: the root is Qaf-W-L and it means saying in any way possible. QALOO is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means the action of saying happened by the subject (third person plural). This, in turn means: they said.
La: no
Taqata: ability to overpower/ability to encircle
Note: the root is Ta-W-Qaf and it means anything that goes in a circle or a curve around something. This is the concrete and it is used in abstract to mean ability to overpower, because when you encircle someone or something then you overpowered it. TAQATA is the ability to overpower or the ability to encircle.
Lana: to us
Alyawma: the day/today
Note: the root is Y-W-M and it means day and this word encompasses day and night. ALYAWMA means the day and it is talking about today.
Bijaloota: Jaloot/Goliath
Note: Bi is difficult to explain. It points that the word that is coming after it is either an object of a previous statement or the tool or both. Here, the word that is coming after is mainly an object of the statement before. JALOOT is the name of the enemy of the time and he is Goliath of the bible.
Wajunoodihi: and his army/and his soldiers
Note: WA means and. Junooda is derived from the root J-N-D and it means group of people and so forth. It is also used to mean army or a group of soldiers. JUNOODI means army or soldiers of. HU means his.
Qala: said
Note: this is derived from the root Qaf-W-L and it means saying in any way possible. QALA is an action that is completed and that is derived from the root and that means the saying or speech happened by the subject (singular third person). This, in turn means: he said.
Allatheena: those who
Yathunnoona: they think/suspect
Note: the root is Tha-N-N and it means conclusion without certainty or conclusion without verification. Therefore, it includes theory, suspicion and all thoughts that are not conclusively proven. YATHUNNOONA is an action is not yet completed (present or future tense) that is derived from the root. It means: the action of conclusion without certainty is happenning by the subject (third person plural). Therefore the meaning is: They think/they suspect
Annahum: that they
Mulaqoo: meeting/receiving and be received by
Note: the root is L-Qaf-Y and it means receiving or catching something. Some of the concrete words that are from this root are birds that catch prey easily or the family that gets pregnant easily, because they receive the sperm more easily than others. MULAQOO are people who are receiving and are being received in an interactive manner. It can mean meeting because that covers this kind of picture.
Allahi: Allah/God
Kam: how much/how many
Min: of/from
Fiatin: group
Note: the root is F-Hamza-Y and it means hitting something so that it becomes divided. FIATIN is a product of that division and it is used to mean a group of people in this instance.
Qaleelatin: small/few
Note: the root is Qaf-L-L and it means little number or becoming few. QALEELATIN means: a few or small.
Ghalabat: she beat/she won over
Note: the root is Gh-L-B and it means winning over someone or something or beating as in beating in the competition or the battle. GHALABAT is an action that is completed (past tense) that is derived from the root. The meaning is: The action of beating or winning over happened by the subject (third person singular feminine). This in turn means: She beat/she won over. The she points to FIATIN
Fiatan: group
Note: the root is F-Hamza-Y and it means hitting something so that it becomes divided. FIATAN is a product of that division and it is used to mean a group of people in this instance. FIATAN is the object of the action that was mentioned earlier (GHALABAT)
Katheeratan: numerous/many
Note: the root is K-TH-R and it means many or numerous in all the planes of thought. KATHEERATAN means: many or numerous.
Biithni: by knowledge and approval of/with knowledge and approval of.
Note: BI denotes that the word that is coming after is either a tool or an object of the action that was mentioned earlier or as an associate to the action. ITHNI is derived from the root Hamza-TH-N and it means ear in concrete. It also means hearing, knowing and approving at the same time. ITHNI means knowledge and approval. The BI here signifies that the knowledge and approval are either accompaniments of the winning or tools of the winning or objects of the winning or any combination of the three.
Allahi: Allah/God
waAllahu: And allah/ And God
maAAa: with
alssabireena: the patient
Note: the root is Sad-B-R and it means patience as in being able to withstand bad times and frustrations and so forth. One of the concrete meanings of the word is prison, so that the patient person is the one that puts his frustrations in prison. ALSSABIREEBA are the people who are patient.

Salaam all and have a great day

Hussein