2:251

Salaam all,

This is 2:251
فَهَزَمُوهُم بِإِذْنِ اللّهِ وَقَتَلَ دَاوُدُ جَالُوتَ وَآتَاهُ اللّهُ الْمُلْكَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَعَلَّمَهُ مِمَّا يَشَاء وَلَوْلاَ دَفْعُ اللّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ لَّفَسَدَتِ الأَرْضُ وَلَـكِنَّ اللّهَ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ
Fahazamoohum biithni Allahi waqatala dawoodu jaloota waatahu Allahu almulka waalhikmata waAAallamahu mimma yashao walawla dafAAu Allahi alnnasa baAAdahum bibaAAdin lafasadati alardu walakinna Allaha thoo fadlin AAala alAAalameena

The Aya says:
So, they beat them with Allah’s knowledge and approval, and David Killed Jaloot (Goliath), and Allah brought him the kingship and the wisdom and taught him of what HE (God) entitys. And if not for Allah’s pushing (of) the people, some of them (on) some, then the earth would have been damaged, but Allah (is) one of overflowing of good on all.

My personal note:
This Aya continues the story of David and Goliath and how God made him the king and made him wise and taught him of what God desired. The Aya ends up by saying that God pushes some of the people against some to help the earth from getting damaged. The ways people push each other is in many ways, including giving good advice and so forth, but may include fighting as in the case of David’s story here.

Translation of the transliterated words:
Fahazamoohum: so, they beat them/so they broke their heart
Note: FA means So or therefore. HAZAMOOHUM is derived from the root H-Z-M and it means the making of a hole in the heart of something, or when the earth has a hole in it. It basically means destruction of the heart of something and a structure that is becoming weak that it is going to collapse. HAZAMOO is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means that the action of breaking the heart/collapse/beating happened by the subject (third person plural) to the object HUM which means them. This then means: they beat them, or they made them collapse.
Biithni: by knowledge and approval of/with knowledge and approval of.
Note: BI denotes that the word that is coming after is either a tool or an object of the action that was mentioned earlier or as an associate to the action. ITHNI is derived from the root Hamza-TH-N and it means ear in concrete. It also means hearing, knowing and approving at the same time. ITHNI means knowledge and approval. The BI here signifies that the knowledge and approval are either accompaniments of the beating of the enemy or tools of the beating of the enemy or objects of the beating of the enemy or any combination of the three.
Allahi: Allah/God
Waqatala: and he killed
Note: WA means and. QATALA is derived from the root Qaf-T-L and it means killing. QATALA is an action that is completed and that is derived from the root. The meaning is: the action of killing happened by the subject (third person singular masculine).
Dawoodu: David
Note: David is the subject of the action that was mentioned earlier. He did the killing.
Jaloota: Jaloot (Goliath)
Note: he is the object and that means, that he was the one that was killed.
Waatahu: And brought to him
Note: WA means and. ATAHU is derived from the root Hamza-T-Y and it means in concrete the water that comes from the rain of another land. In turn, it means the coming of something or someone with many of it’s implications. ATAHU is an action that is completed and that is derived from the root. This means the action of making (an entity) come happened by the subject (third person singular masculine which is mentioned next) to the object HU which means him and it points to David. This in turn means he made come to him or he brought him.
Allahu: Allah/God
Note: This word declares who the subject was and that is God. This means that God was the one that brought to David---
Almulka: the kingship/ the holding of matters firmly together in a grip
Note: the root is M-L-K and it means ownership or authority over. In concrete form the root is used for a fruit or anything that becomes hard, strong and held together. ALMUKA is the kingship or the holding of the matters together in a firm manner.
Waalhikmata: and the wisdom/and the steering
Note: WA means and. ALHIKMATA is derived from the root Ha-K-M and it means rule or judge or reach the best ruling using the best tools possible including knowledge, compassion and justice. One concrete word is the steer that steers the animals. The relationship is that the steer helps move the animal in the best direction that the steerer wants. ALHIKMATA is often translated as the wisdom and that would be the arrival at the best steering.
waAAallamahu: And HE taught him
Note: WA means and. AAaLLAMAHU is derived from the root Ain-L-M and it means knowledge. AAaLLAMA is an action that is derived from the root that is completed and it means: the action of making know happened by the subject (third person singular masculine pointing to God) to the object HU which means him and it points to David. So, AAaLLAMAHU means HE made him know or he taught him.
Mimma: of what
Yashao: HE entitys
Note: the root is SH-Y-Hamza and it means entity for noun and to entity for the action. This means making a non entity entity, which also means making what was impossible possible, or what was non existent, existent or what was unallowed allowed, and so forth. YASHAO is the third person singular present or future action that is related to the root. It means that HE (ALLAH) is the one that is making the entity happen. The entity in this place ia naything the God wants.
Walawla: and if not for
dafAAu: pushing of
Note: the root is D-F-Ain and it means pushing. The concrete word is the strong gushing water that pushes everything in it’s way. DAFAAu is the action of pushing of
Allahi: Allah/God
Note: Here God is doing the action of pushing.
Alnnasa: the people/the society
Note: the root is Hamza-N-S and it means socializing. ALNNASA are the society or the people.
baAAdahum: some of them
Note: the root is B-Ain-Dhad and it means some of whole. BaAADA means some of. HUM means them.
bibaAAdin: on some/some
Note: the bi means that the word that comes after is either an object of the action or a tool of the action or an accompaniment of the action or any combination of the three. In this case object of the action is the closer meaning. BaAADIN is derived from the root B-Ain-Dhad and it means some of whole. BaAADIN means some.
Lafasadati: then she became damaged/then she would have been damaged
Note: LA means then, FASADATI is derived from the root F-S-D and it means becoming damaged for the action and damage for nouns. FASADATI is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means the action of becoming damaged happened. The subject is third person singular feminine. Since there is no mention of an object in the sentence then the action happened to the subject here according to Arabic grammer. Because there is the conditional (if) earlier in the sentence, then this will mean something closer to : would have been damaged.
Alardu: the earth/the land
Note: the root is Hamza-R-Dhad and it means land or eath. ALARDU means the land or the earth and it is the subject of the action that was mentioned earlier.
Walakinna: except/but
Allaha: Allah/God
Thoo: one of/owner of
Fadlin: overflowing of good
Note: the root is F-Dhad-L and it means overflowing of good or remaining of goodness after one had fulfilled his needs. FADLIN means: overflowing of goodness or provider of more goodness than is required to cover the needs so that there will remain more of it left.
AAala: on
alAAalameena: all
Note: the root is Ain-L-M and it means knowledge or knowing. ALAAaLAMEENA means the known or the knowns. Since, it is talking about God, who knows everything, then it is pointing to all as in everything everywhere and anywhere and so forth.

Salaam all and have a great day

Hussein