9:40
إِلاَّ تَنصُرُوهُ فَقَدْ نَصَرَهُ اللّهُ إِذْ أَخْرَجَهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ ثَانِيَ اثْنَيْنِ إِذْ هُمَا فِي الْغَارِ إِذْ يَقُولُ لِصَاحِبِهِ لاَ تَحْزَنْ إِنَّ اللّهَ مَعَنَا فَأَنزَلَ اللّهُ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَيَّدَهُ بِجُنُودٍ لَّمْ تَرَوْهَا وَجَعَلَ كَلِمَةَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ السُّفْلَى وَكَلِمَةُ اللّهِ هِيَ الْعُلْيَا وَاللّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ
Illa tansuroohu faqad nasarahu Allahu ith akhrajahu allatheena kafaroo thaniya ithnayni ith huma fee alghari ith yaqoolu lisahibihi la tahzan inna Allaha maAAana faanzala Allahu sakeenatahu AAalayhi waayyadahu bijunoodin lam tarawha wajaAAala kalimata allatheena kafaroo alssufla wakalimatu Allahi hiya alAAulya waAllahu AAazeezun hakeemun
If you do not support him (Muhammad) then Allah supported him as the rejecters chased him out a second of two as both are in the cave as he says to his companion: “Do not worry. Allah is on our side” so Allah descended upon him His serenity, and aided him with troops that you could not see and made the statement of the rejecters the lower one, while Allah’s statement is the one on top. And Allah is dominantly strong, wise.
This is a great Aya in a sense because I am translating it at the time of the Islamic new year which commemorates this incident of the prophet and his companion migrating from Mecca to Medina and being chased by the rejecters to kill them and hiding in a mountain cave. The incident, although at the height of his weakness and vulnerability, turned out to be a turning point for Muslims because it marked the beginning of the Muslim state established by the prophet upon him be peace and he returned victorious in a few years to his hometown that he was running away from.
The point is that even at the point of extreme vulnerability and weakness, the person who is a believer should always recognize that Allah is with him/her, aware of him and supporting him/her.
Translation of the transliterated words:
Illa: if not
Tansuroohu: you aid him/ you (plural) support him
Note: the root is N-Sad-R and it means aid or support or backing whether in need or not but that is decisive in nature and can be the one that leads to a decisive victory and so on. TANSUROOHU is an action that is being completer or will be completed. It means: the action of supporting the object (HU=him pointing to the prophet Muhammad upon him be peace) is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person plural)
Faqad: then indeed
Nasarahu: He supported him/ aided
Note: the root is N-Sad-R and it means aid or support or backing whether in need or not but that is decisive in nature and can be the one that leads to a decisive victory and so on. NASARA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of supporting the object (HU= him) happened by the subject (third person singular)
Allahu: Allah
Ith: as
Akhrajahu: forced him out/ kicked him out/ made him exit/ chased him out
Note: AKHRAJA is derived from The root KH-R-J and it means coming out or exiting. That is the conceptual meaning and it assumes it’s more specific meaning or meanings according to the plane of thought of the sentence. AKHRAJA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of making the object (HU= him) come happened by the subject (third person plural)
Kafaroo: rejected (Allah and His message)/ discarded
Note: the root is K-F-R and it means cover or bury in the ground, as in put the seed in the ground and cover it. This is then used conceptually for many purposes as in discarding and rejecting as well as burying. KAFARO is an action that is completed. It means: the action of rejection or discarding of the object (not declared, but understood from the context to point to God and/or the message) happened by the subject (third person plural).
Thaniya: second of
Ithnayni: two
Ith: as
Huma: both/ the two of them
Fee: in/ on
Alghari: the cave
Note: the root is GHain-w-r and it means the depth of the valley or the bottom of the valley. It is conceptually used for any deep indentation in anything including the mountain or any other object. It is used for caves because of their potential depths and so on. ALGHARI in this context is the cave.
Ith: as
Yaqoolu: he says/ communicates
Note: YAQOOLU is derived from the root Qaf-W-L and it means saying in any way possible. YAQOOLU is an action that is being completed or will be completed that is derived from the root. It means the action of saying is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person singularl).
Lisahibihi: to his companion
Note: LI means to. SAHIBIHI is derived from the root Sad-Ha-B and it means companion or companionship. SAHIBIHI is his male companion.
la tahzan: do not be sad/ do not worry/ do not regret
Note: LA is an order not to act the action that is coming. TAHZAN is derived from the root Ha-Z-N and it means sadness/ being worried or be sorry. All the meanings are related in the sense of sadness or anxiety at the same time. TAHZAN is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of becoming sad or worried or regretful is happening by the subject (second person singular). The context fits worry more than the other meanings.
Inna: indeed
Allaha: Allah
maAAana: with us/ on our side/ supports us/ aware of us
faanzala: so brought down/ so descended
Note: FA means so or therefore or then. ANZALA is derived from the root N-Z-L and it carries the meaning of arrival to stay and descent. One concrete meaning is the descent of the person from his or her horse or camel as they arrive at the place where they plan to stay. ANZALNA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of making the object (SAKEENATAHU= His serenity) arrive or making it descend happened by the subject (third person singular).
Sakeenatahu: His serenity/ His reassuring calmness
Note: the root is S-K-N and it means Ashes which is the product of the end of the fire. The conceptual meaning has many forms and it means rest or lack of movement, but it also means the lack of energy or running out of energy as well as calm and rest and relaxation. In this context this applies to calming and soothing and reassuring feeling of safety.
AAalayhi: upon him
Waayyadahu: and handed him/ and supported him
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. AYYADAHU is derived from the root Y-D and it means hand. It is also used conceptually for anything that shares features or functions of hands or the upper arm. AYYADA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of providing a hand (helping/ supporting) to the object (HU= him) happened by the subject (third person singular)
Bijunoodin: by troops/ by soldiers/ by reinforcements
Note: BI signifies an attachment or close linkage between what is before and what is after it. In a Verbal sentence it can mean attachment to the action or to the subject as it does the action. This attachment can then signify many things according to the verb and to the sentence and so on. Junood is derived from the root J-N-D and it means army or soldiers or helpers or groups that work together for a purpose as in the army and so on. JUNOODIN are forces or soldiers and reinforcements.
Lam: not
Tarawha: you (plural) have seen them
Note: the root is R-Hamza-Y and it means viewing or seeing. TARAWHA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of seeing the object (HA= them) is happening or will be happening by the subject. However because it was preceded by LAM then the full meaning of LAM TARAWHA becomes: you (plural) have not seen them.
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. JaAAaLA is derived from the root J-Ain-L and it means making, forming or transforming something that already exists. Conceptually, it takes the meaning of transformation more often than formation. JaAAaLA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of transforming or making the the object (KALIMATA= statement of the rejecters) into a second object (ALSSUFLA= the lower one) by the subject (third person singular pointing to Allah).
Kalimata: statement of/ word of
Note: KALIMATA is derived from the root K-L-M and it means wound or opening of the skin and that is the concrete word. It is also used to mean words or statements because those are the products of the opening of the mouth, which is an opening of the skin. Here it is used for word or statement. KALIMATA is the statements of.
Allatheena: those who
Kafaroo: rejected (Allah and His message)/ discarded
Note: the root is K-F-R and it means cover or bury in the ground, as in put the seed in the ground and cover it. This is then used conceptually for many purposes as in discarding and rejecting as well as burying. KAFARO is an action that is completed. It means: the action of rejection or discarding of the object (not declared, but understood from the context to point to God and/or the message) happened by the subject (third person plural).
Alssufla: the lower one
Note: the root is S-F-L and it means low. Conceptually it is used to point to being low as location and also being low as in of low standing and so on. ALSSUFLA means the lower one
Wakalimatu: While statement of
Note: WA here is for contrasting with the previous KALIMA. KALIMATU is derived from the root K-L-M and it means wound or opening of the skin and that is the concrete word. It is also used to mean words or statements because those are the products of the opening of the mouth, which is an opening of the skin. Here it is used for word or statement. KALIMATu is the statements of.
Hiya: She/ it/ indeed/ is
alAAulya: the upper one/ the higher one/ the one on top
Note: the root is Ain-L-W or Ain-L-Y and it means rising or above or just rising. ALAAuLYA means the higher one or the upper one or the one on top
waAllahu: And Allah
AAazeezun: Dominantly strong/ dominant
Note: the root is Ain-Z-Z and it means the hard earth that will not yield under the rain and therefore, will make the rain water flow rather than seep or cause the earth to erode. It is used for entities that are strong and defeat pressure, basically the combination of strength and dominance.
hakeemun: wise/ well steering
Note: the root Ha-K-M and it means the steer that steers the animal. This word is used for ruling and judging as well as other meanings that contain steering as part of the concept. HAKEEM means wise or the steering. The steering means the entity that steers in the best way
Hussein
