Saturday, February 28, 2009

4:109

Salaam all,

this is 4:109
هَاأَنتُمْ هَـؤُلاء جَادَلْتُمْ عَنْهُمْ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا فَمَن يُجَادِلُ اللّهَ عَنْهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَم مَّن يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكِيلاً
Haantum haolai jadaltum AAanhum fee alhayati alddunya faman yujadilu Allaha AAanhum yawma alqiyamati am man yakoonu AAalayhim wakeelan

The Aya says:
Here you (plural) argued on their behalf in this life. So who will argue with Allah on their behalf on the Day of Judgment?! Or who will be, upon them, a guarantor?!

My personal note:
The Aya continues the same theme. It points out that while those people can succeed in their attempt to mislead others in this life, so they will argue on their behalf. On the Day of Judgment, there will be no one to defend them, nor give them guarantee in front of God, for they are exposed.

The message is clear to all of us to be honest in our relationship with ourselves, the people around us, and above all, be honest with God. While we can mislead ourselves often and others around us, we can never mislead God or be treacherous towards Him. The human attempts to do that, while many and frequent, will always fail.

Translation of the transliterated words:

Haantum haolai: Here you (plural) are/ here you
Note: this is a term that means as above in some sense.
Jadaltum: argued
Note: the root is J-D-L The concrete word is braiding of the hair. In abstract, it is used for anything that goes in circles or twists around itself or others. Therefore, it is used conceptually for arguing especially when it is used in an interactive form. JADALTUM is an action that is completed. It means: the action of happened by the subject (second person plural).
AAanhum: about them/ on their behalf
Note: this word takes the meaning of from, but at times takes the meaning of away from, about and so on. In this context it takes the meaning of “on behalf of” or “make an argument away from”. HUM means them.
Fee: in
Alhayati: the life
Note: the root Ha-Y-W and it means life or living. ALHAYATI means the life
Alddunya: the near/ the nearer
Note: the root is D-N-W and it means nearness or nearing. ALDUNYA means the near. In this case, it points to this life that we are living in as the near. ALHAYATI ALDDUNYA means the near life or this life that we are living as opposed to the coming life.
Faman: so who
Yujadilu: will argue with
Note: the root is J-D-L The concrete word is braiding of the hair. In abstract, it is used for anything that goes in circles or twists around itself or others. Therefore, it is used conceptually for arguing especially when it is used in an interactive form. YUJADIL is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of arguing is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person singular) in an interactive form with (Allah, coming up).
Allaha: Allah
AAanhum: about them/ on their behalf
Note: this word takes the meaning of from, but at times takes the meaning of away from, about and so on. In this context it takes the meaning of “on behalf of” or “make an argument away from”. HUM means them.
Yawma: day of
Note: YAWMA is derived from the root Y-W-M and it means day. YAWMA means day of.
Alqiyamati: the standing/ the rising
Note: the root is Q-W-M and it means standing upright. ALQIYAMATI is the standing upright or upright standing. This is a term that is used for the day of judgment because we all stand in front of GOD. YAWMI ALQIYAMATI is the judgment day.
Am: or?!
Man: who
Yakoonu: will be/ happen to be
Note: the root is K-W-N and it means being. YAKOONU is an action that is being completed or will be completed that is derived from the root. It means: the action of being is happening or will be happening by the subject (third personal singular). This in turn means, in this context: He will be or will happen to be
AAalayhim: upon them
Wakeelan: guarantor
Note: the root is W-K-L and it means entrusting a matter to another, or trusting the guarantee or guardianship of another. WAKEEL is the guarantor which includes takes care of matter to completion and also protection and so on.

Salaam all and have a great day.


Hussein

Thursday, February 26, 2009

4:108

Salaam all,

this is 4:108
يَسْتَخْفُونَ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَلاَ يَسْتَخْفُونَ مِنَ اللّهِ وَهُوَ مَعَهُمْ إِذْ يُبَيِّتُونَ مَا لاَ يَرْضَى مِنَ الْقَوْلِ وَكَانَ اللّهُ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ مُحِيطًا
Yastakhfoona mina alnnasi wala yastakhfoona mina Allahi wahuwa maAAahum ith yubayyitoona ma la yarda mina alqawli wakana Allahu bima yaAAmaloona muheetan

The aya says:
They seek to hide from the people while they do not seek to hide from Allah. And He is witnessing them as they scheme, what He does not approve, of the saying. And Allah happened to be, in what they do, encircling.

My personal note:
The aya continues the same theme. It carries the meaning that those misleading people have their attention to other people and not on Allah. It reminds us that Allah is with us, witnessing what we do, aware of what we feel, wherever we are.

The aya also reminds us that Allah has complete awareness of what we do and also ultimate control over it.

Translation of the transliterated words:
Yastakhfoona: they seek to hide/ they hide
Note: The root is KH-F-Y and it means not apparent and also, rarely, it can mean the opposite which is apparent. One would decide which meaning according to the sentence and context. YASTAKHFOONA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of seeking to make the object (the subject itself or it’s actions) not apparent or hidden, is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural).
Mina: from
Alnnasi: the people/ society
Note: ALNNAS is derived from the root Hamza-N-S and it means socializing. ALNNAS are the society/the people.
Wala: while not/ and not
Yastakhfoona: they seek to hide/ hide
Note: The root is KH-F-Y and it means not apparent and also, rarely, it can mean the opposite which is apparent. One would decide which meaning according to the sentence and context. YASTAKHFOONA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of seeking to make the object (the subject itself or it’s actions) not apparent or hidden, is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural).
Mina: from
Allahi: Allah
Wahuwa: and HE
maAAahum: with them
Note: the term MaAAa means something close to “with”. This “with” can be in many angles concrete withness and awareness but does not necessarily have to mean close proximity. In this context, it carries the meaning of witnessing what they do.
Ith: as/ when
Yubayyitoona: they privately manipulate/ scheme
Note: the root is B-Y-T and it means to reach the night and BAYT is the place that you spend the night in. It is also used for any structure that can be used for that purpose and for animal dwellings. Therefore BAYT is closer to a shelter as the conceptual meaning and within that meaning falls the home or the house. YUBAYYITOONA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the making of shelter is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural). The context here makes the shelter more of acts of manipulation or treachery in privacy of their shelter, which would be the place where they feel safest to scheme.
Ma: what
La: not
Yarda: accept/ lovingly accept/ approve
Note: the root is R-Dhad-Y and it means loving acceptance, or agreeing and loving at the same time or mainly approval since approval has the meaning of acceptance in a deeper sense. YARDA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of loving acceptance or approval of the object (min Alqawl= of the speech) is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person singular pointing to God).
Mina: of/ from
Alqawli: the saying/ communication
Note: The root is Qaf-W-L and it means saying or communicating. ALQAWLI means: the saying or the communication.
Wakana: and happened to be
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. KANA is derived from the root K-W-N and it means being. KANA is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means: the action of being happened by the subject (third personal singular pointing to Allah). This in turn means: He was or He happened to be.
Allahu: Allah
Bima: By what/ with what/ in what
Note: Bi denotes that what comes after is a tool and/or an object or an association with an action that was mentioned. If it is an object of the action then it makes it stronger. MA means what
yaAAmaloona: they do
Note: the root is Ain-M-L and it means doing or work. YaAAMALOONA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of doing or making is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural).
Muheetan: surrounding/ enclosing/ encricling
Note: The root is Ha-W-Ta and it means to surround or enclose for the verb. The concrete noun is an enclosing wall. Conceptually, it takes the meaning of being well protected and also of being in total control or total awareness just as the person is control of what is in the enclosure and has great knowledge of it and so on. Those conceptual meanings are determined by the context. MUHEETAN here means: enclosing or surrounding and in this context, it takes the meaning of knowing it well and also in control of it so that it will not get out of hand.

Salam all and have a great day.


Hussein

Monday, February 23, 2009

4:107

Salaam all,

This is 4:107
وَلاَ تُجَادِلْ عَنِ الَّذِينَ يَخْتَانُونَ أَنفُسَهُمْ إِنَّ اللّهَ لاَ يُحِبُّ مَن كَانَ خَوَّانًا أَثِيمًا
Wala tujadil AAani allatheena yakhtanoona anfusahum inna Allaha la yuhibbu man kana khawwanan atheeman

The Aya says:
And do not argue on behalf of those who mislead themselves. Indeed, Allah does not love one who misleads emphatically, sins emphatically.

My personal note:
Misleading themselves is a term that carries several meanings and all are applicable here. It covers a person misleading or committing treachery against oneself. This is any sin we do to ourselves. It also covers a group whose members mislead each other. It also covers anyone who misleads others for personal gain. All the three are covered by that term.

The Aya ends in declaring that God does not love the ones who do the act of misleading or treachery with emphasis. The emphasis points to frequency or intention or both and may be more.

This is important to remember and a point of the beauty of the Qur’an. It is because many people in one way or another will unintentionally mislead themselves or others. Those people do not lose the love of God. It is those who do it with emphasis or intention or high frequency that risk losing god’s love. And indeed, God is forgiving for those who repent and return to His path.

Translation of the transliterated words:
Wala: and not
Tujadil: you (singular) argue/ verbally dispute
Note: the root is J-D-L The concrete word is braiding of the hair. In abstract, it is used for anything that goes in circles or twists around itself or others. Therefore, it is used conceptually for arguing especially when it is used in an interactive form. TUJADIL is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of arguing is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person singular pointing to the prophet pbuh). WALA TUJADIL is an order or a request not to argue or verbally dispute something.
AAani: on behalf of/ about
Note: this word takes the meaning of from, but at times takes the meaning of away from, about and so on. In this context it takes the meaning of “on behalf of” or “make an argument away from”.
Allatheena: those who
Yakhtanoona: mislead themselves/ each other
Note: the root is KH-W-N and it means misleading or treason. Conceptually treason is encompassed in misleading, as in misleading the person to trust someone who is not worthy of trust. YAKHTANOONA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of misleading oneself or for oneself is happening by the subject (third person plural anfusahum =themselves, coming up). Misleading themselves here takes two meanings that are correct and not mutually exclusive and those are misleading oneself and misleading other people in the group or each other.
Anfusahum: themselves
Note: ANFUSAHUM is derived from the root N-F-S and it means to breath but is extended to mean self since the self breathes and that defines her existence. ANFUSA is a noun that is derived from this root and it means Selves of. HUM means them.
Inna: indeed
Allaha: Allah
La: not
Yuhibbu: loves
Note: the root is Ha-B-B and it means in concrete seed. This word also means love. As if the seed is the product of love or the love will end up in a seed. YUHIBBU is an action that is derived from the root and that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of loving is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person singular pointing to Allah) of the object (man kana= whoever happened to be)
Man: who/ whoever/ one who
Kana: happened to be
Note: the root is K-W-N and it means being. KANA is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means: the action of being happened by the subject (third personal singular). This in turn means: He was or He happened to be.

Khawwanan: frequently misleading/ intentionally misleading/ emphatically misleading
Note: the root is KH-W-N and it means misleading or treason. Conceptually treason is encompassed in misleading, as in misleading the person to trust someone who is not worthy of trust. KAWWANAN is the one who misleads or acts treacherously with emphasis. This suggests that he does it frequently, intentionally or both. The two are related since the one who does an act intentionally will do it frequently.

Atheeman: Frequently sinning/ intentionally sinning/ emphatically sinning
Note: the root is Hamza-TH-M and it means breaking of rule or rules of justice. This means error or fault with a tinge of knowing it. ATHEEM is the one who breaks the rule or sins with emphasis. This suggests that he does it frequently, intentionally or both. The two are related since the one who does an act intentionally will do it frequently.

Salaam all and have a great day

Hussein

Friday, February 20, 2009

4:106

Salaam all,

This is 4:106
وَاسْتَغْفِرِ اللّهِ إِنَّ اللّهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا
Waistaghfiri Allaha inna Allaha kana ghafooran raheeman

The aya says:
And seek Allah’s protective cover. Indeed, Allah happened to be protectively covering, merciful.

My personal note:
I chose protective cover for ISTAGHFIR here because the protective cover is the wider meaning of the word. It encompasses forgiveness as in protection from the negative effect of sin as well as other protections including helping to not fall into sin.

Translation of the transliterated words:
Waistaghfiri: and seek forgiveness/ seek protective cover
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. KANA is derived from the root K-W-N and it means being. ISTAGHFIRI is derived from the root GH-F-R and it means the helmet of the soldier in the battle. This is one of the concrete uses of the word and the word is therefore used to mean protective covering in many fashions as in protecting the person from the error or protecting the person from the consequence of error and that is forgiveness. ISTAGHFIRI is an order or a request addressed to an individual. It means: seek protective cover or forgiveness of the object (Allah).
Allaha: Allah
Inna: indeed
Allaha: Allah
Kana: happened to be
Note: the root is K-W-N and it means being. KANA is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means: the action of being happened by the subject (third personal singular). This in turn means: He was or He happened to be.

Ghafooran: forgiving/ provider of protective cover
Note: the root is GH-F-R and it means covering for protection. The concrete word is the helmet of the fighter. GHAFOORAN is the one that covers to protect. This, in turn means protection from committing the sin and protection from the consequences of sin, which also means forgiving
Raheeman: Merciful
Note: the root is R-Ha-M and it means womb in concrete. This term is used to mean mercy and all the good that the womb provides. RAHEEM is the one with the womb-like mercy.

Salaam all and have a great day.

hussein

Thursday, February 19, 2009

4:105

Salaam all,

this is 4:105
إِنَّا أَنزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ لِتَحْكُمَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ بِمَا أَرَاكَ اللّهُ وَلاَ تَكُن لِّلْخَآئِنِينَ خَصِيمًا
Inna anzalna ilayka alkitaba bialhaqqi litahkuma bayna alnnasi bima araka Allahu wala takun lilkhaineena khaseeman

The Aya says:
Indeed, We have descended to you (singular) the book, by the binding truth, so that you (singular) will steer between the people by what Allah made you see. And do not be, to the misleading ones, partisan.

My personal note:
The aya is addressing a second person singular. This means that it addressed clearly the person who received it, the prophet Muhammad (pbuh). It was a direct message to him, but it is also a direct message to every single person who takes the Qur’an seriously.

I translated the word “Litahkuma bayna Annasa”as to “steer between the people” instead of the more usual “To rule or judge between the people”. The reason is that steering is the more encompassing meaning and with more range. It encompasses judging and ruling for those who have the authority to judge, but it also encompasses our conduct of life and how we live it between people for those who are not in that position of authority. The word applies to both because the Aya talks to each one of us singularly to apply it within our capacities and within what we have learnt from the book of God.
The last statement in this Aya is also very interesting “Do not be partisan to the misleading ones”. The word KHAINEENA is often translated as traitors and that is correct, but it’s more encompassing meaning is “misleading” and this includes treason but other forms of misleading others as well. The term “do not be partisan” can be understood in two ways and both are not mutually exclusive. It can mean do not take their side and it also can mean not to take the opposite side. This is important for anyone in the position to judge, because they only rule for the truth and not for one person or another.

The reason that the misleading people were mentioned is that because they mix truth and untruth together or start with truth to arrive at an untruth. Therefore dealing with them will require extreme vigilance so that the person will not reject the truth even when it comes from them, but also not to accept their untruth. The famous statement attributes to Ali ® where he said: “A word of truth intended to support untruth.”

Translation of the transliterated words:
Inna: indeed WE
Anzalna: brought down/ made come/ descend from high
Note: the root is N-Z-L and it carries the meaning of arrival to stay and descent. One concrete meaning is the descent of the person from his or her horse or camel as they arrive at the place where they plan to stay. ANZALNA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of making arrive or making descend happened by the subject (first person plural).

Ilayka: to you (singular pointing to Muhammad pbuh)
Alkitaba: the book/ the collection of knowledge
Note: the root K-T-B and it means putting things together as in grouping the herd together or closing the lips or writing (the most common use), because in writing, one puts the letters and the ideas together. ALKITABA means, the process of writing or the book or anything related to it from the ideas to the ink and paper to the place where all is put together. In a sense, it points to the collection of knowledge and information that are communicated.

Bialhaqqi: by the binding truth/ with the binding truth
Note: Bi denotes that what comes after is a tool and/or an object or an association with an action that was mentioned. If it is an object of the action then it makes it stronger. ALHAQQI is derived from the root Ha-Qaf-Qaf and it means binding right where right means correct as well s what is due to one person (rights and obligations). ALHAQQI is the binding right or binding truth.
Litahkuma: in order that you (singular) rule/ judge/ steer
Note: li means to and in this context, it takes the meaning of in order to. TAHKUMA is derived from the root Ha-K-M and it means the steer that steers the animal. This word is used for ruling and judging as well as other meanings that contain steering as the concept. TAHKUMA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of steering including judging, ruling and others is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person singular pointing to the prophet).
Bayna: between
Alnnasi: the people/ society
Note: ALNNAS is derived from the root Hamza-N-S and it means socializing. ALNNAS are the society/the people.
Bima: by what/ with what
Note: Bi denotes that what comes after is a tool and/or an object or an association with an action that was mentioned. If it is an object of the action then it makes it stronger. MA means what
Araka: He showed you (singular)/ made you see
Note: the root R-Hamza-Y and it means viewing or seeing. ARAKA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of making the object (KA= singular you pointing to the prophet) see happened by the subject (third person singular pointing to Allah, coming up).
Allahu: Allah
Wala: and not

Takun: you (singular) happen to be
Note: the root is K-W-N and it means being. TAKUN is an action that is being completed or will be completed that is derived from the root. It means: the action of being is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person singular pointing to the prophet Muhammad pbuh).
Lilkhaineena: to the misleading ones/ to the traitors
Note: li means to. ILKHAINEENA is derived from the root KH-W-N and it means misleading or treason. Conceptually treason is encompassed in misleading, as in misleading the person to trust someone who is not worthy of trust. ILKHAINEENA are the misleading people or the traitors. I chose misleading people because it encompasses the traitors within it.
Khaseeman: partisan/ disputer
Note: The root is KH-Sad-M and it means disputing over an entity. This either can be a dispute over an issue or idea or a person and the term takes the meaning of people on opposite ends of a dispute and so forth. KHASEEMAN means disputer and in this context, it takes the meaning of either being on the side of the person or on the opposite side.

Salaam all and have a great day.

Hussein

Sunday, February 15, 2009

4:104

Salaam all,

This is 4:104
وَلاَ تَهِنُواْ فِي ابْتِغَاء الْقَوْمِ إِن تَكُونُواْ تَأْلَمُونَ فَإِنَّهُمْ يَأْلَمُونَ كَمَا تَأْلَمونَ وَتَرْجُونَ مِنَ اللّهِ مَا لاَ يَرْجُونَ وَكَانَ اللّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا
Wala tahinoo fee ibtighai alqawmi in takoonoo talamoona fainnahum yalamoona kama talamoona watarjoona mina Allahi ma la yarjoona wakana Allahu AAaleeman hakeeman

The aya says:
And do not loose resolve in pursuing the people. If you happen to hurt, then they indeed hurt as you hurt. While you hope from Allah what they do not hope. And Allah happened to be knowledgeable, wise.

My personal note:
The pursuing can be a pursuit in battle, but also can be a pursuit in peace with peaceful means, according to the condition and situation. The aya is interesting as it compares the pain as being mutually felt, but the hope in Allah as not being mutually comparable. In a sense, one of the reasons for the pursuit would be to share with them our hope in God, while they do not care.

It is very difficult to translate the word TARJOON. It is a word that ranges in meaning between the edges of hope and worry. It can take the range of meaning of hope tempered by worry to worry tempered by hope and anywhere in between. The worry can have many aspects, but mainly worrying of loosing love and hope. In many ways, there may be many roles for worry, but one main one that comes to my mind is in order not to take the love of God, or hope in God for granted. There is no bigger enemy to love and hope than taking what you love and hope for granted.

Translation of the transliterated words:
Wala: and not
Tahinoo: become weak/ loose resolve/ loose strength
Note: the root is W-H-N and it means weakness or lack of strength in all the angles of the word. TAHINOO is an action that is part of an order. The order WALA TAHINOO means: do not become weak/ do not loose your strength (in all the angles of the word)
Fee: in
Ibtighai: pursuing
Note: the root is B-GH-Y and it means the young unripe fruit and the young animal. This is some of the concrete meaning. It does attain the meaning of something to aspire to or pursue, as well as something bad or immature. Both may share that youth aspires to mature, and youth is associated with immaturity and foolish actions. IBTIGHAA means the desiring/aspiring/ pursuing for one self or the seeking for oneself.
Alqawmi: people/ group
Note: the root is Qaf-Y-M and it means standing or standing upright. ALQAWM are the people that stand together and that makes the group or people or nation, basically, any group of people that stand together. Here, it points to their enemies.
In: if
Takoonoo: you (plural) happen to be
Note: the root is K-W-N and it means being. TAKOONOO is an action that is being completed or will be completed that is derived from the root. It means: the action of being is happening or will be happening by the subject (second personal plural). This in turn means: you (plural) happen to be.
Talamoona: you (plural) feel pain/ hurt
Note: the root is Hamza-L-M and it means pain. TALAMOONA is an action that is happening or will be happening. It means: the action of feeling pain or hurting is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person plural).
Fainnahum: then indeed they
Yalamoona: feel pain/ hurt
Note: the root is Hamza-L-M and it means pain. YALAMOONA is an action that is happening or will be happening. It means: the action of feeling pain or hurting is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural).
Kama: as
Talamoona: you (plural) feel pain/ hurt
Note: the root is Hamza-L-M and it means pain. TALAMOONA is an action that is happening or will be happening. It means: the action of feeling pain or hurting is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person plural).

Watarjoona: and you hope tempered by worry/ worry tempered by hope
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. TARJOONA is derived from the root R-J-Y and it means edge of something or it’s side. The term crosses many planes and in time, it gives the edge of time and that is understood as postponement. For place it means the boundary or edge of that place and for other things or entities, it gives the feeling of edge of hope and worry at the same time. TARJOONA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of hope (tempered by worry) is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person plural).
Mina: from
Allahi: Allah
Ma: what
La: not
Yarjoona: they hope tempered by worry/ worry tempered by hope
Note: YARJOONA is derived from the root R-J-Y and it means edge of something or it’s side. The term crosses many planes and in time, it gives the edge of time and that is understood as postponement. For place it means the boundary or edge of that place and for other things or entities, it gives the feeling of hope to arrive at that edge or, in other cases the fear to arrive at such an entity. YARJOONA is derived from the root R-J-Y and it means edge of something or it’s side. The term crosses many planes and in time, it gives the edge of time and that is understood as postponement. For place it means the boundary or edge of that place and for other things or entities, it gives the feeling of edge of hope and worry at the same time. YARJOONA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of hope (tempered by worry) is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural).
Wakana: and happened to be
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. KANA is derived from the root K-W-N and it means being. KANA is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means: the action of being happened by the subject (third personal singular pointing to Allah). This in turn means: He was or He happened to be.
Allahu: Allah
Aaaleeman: knowledgeable
Note: the root is Ain-L-M and it means knowing/knowledge or knowledge of facts. AAaLEEM is the one that is very knowledgeable.
Hakeeman: Wise/ steering
Note: the root Ha-K-M and it means the steer that steers the animal. This word is used for ruling and judging as well as other meanings that contain steering as part of the concept. HAKEEM means wise or the steering. The steering means the entity that steers in the best way possible using the best tools of knowledge, compassion, justice and mercy, and that is wisdom.

Salaam all and have a great day.

Hussein

Thursday, February 12, 2009

4:103

Salaam all,

this is 4:103
فَإِذَا قَضَيْتُمُ الصَّلاَةَ فَاذْكُرُواْ اللّهَ قِيَامًا وَقُعُودًا وَعَلَى جُنُوبِكُمْ فَإِذَا اطْمَأْنَنتُمْ فَأَقِيمُواْ الصَّلاَةَ إِنَّ الصَّلاَةَ كَانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتَابًا مَّوْقُوتًا

Faitha qadaytumu alssalata faothkuroo Allaha qiyaman waquAAoodan waAAala junoobikum faitha itmanantum faaqeemoo alssalata inna alssalata kanat AAala almumineena kitaban mawqootan

The Aya says:
So when you completed the ritual prayer, then remember and mention Allah standing and sitting and on your sides. So, when you became secure, then perform the ritual prayer. Indeed, the ritual prayer, happened to be, upon the ones who make themselves safe (in Allah and the message), a timed book.

My personal note:
This Aya tells us that in the time of insecurity as in battle or fear, the short prayer should be followed by mentioning and remembering God. Once that is over and the time of security comes, then the regular prayer comes back in full length.

The Aya then reminds us that the ritual prayers are timed upon us. This means that they have to be done in their times and many other potential meanings as well.

I want to bring attention to the term ITMANANTUM which I translated as you became secure. This root TTa-M-N gives a little stronger sense of safety than the root Hamza-M-N. That is why I used the term security here for that word. So, people who have TAMANINA have the greatest degree of Iman.

Translation of the transliterated words:
Faitha: so if/ when
Qadaytumu: you (plural)finished/ fulfilled / completed
Note: the root Qaf-Dhad-Y and it means a mandate that one makes to completion of it and anything in between. It points to determination at the beginning and the finishing of it towards the end. The meaning of the word is according to the sentence, sometimes the sentence allows the whole range and at others, part of the range of the meaning. QADAYTUMU is an action that is completed. It means: the mandate object (ALSSALATA= the ritual prayer) happened or was completed by the subject (second person plural).
Alssalata: the ritual prayer
Note: the root is Sad-L-Y and it means two main things in concrete. One is the lower back area and this one is used for one who is racing towards a goal and the head is close to the lower back of the one who is ahead. It is also used in concrete to mean heat and warmth and fire. The word is used for prayer as well. In this context, ALSSALATA is the ritual prayer.
Faothkuroo: then mention and remember
Note: Fa means then or therefore or so. It can often point to what happens right after an action and this could apply here. OTHKUROO is derived from the root TH-K-R and it means mention and remember, at the same time. The concrete word is something running on the tongue as if speaking it. Another concrete word is male or the male organ. The relationship between the two is not very clear and they can be different words that share the sound but have different root. It could be that the male is considered the active organ and that memory is an active process, but that is only a theory. OTHKUROO is a demand or request addressing a group. It means: mention and remember at the same time.
Allaha: Allah
Qiyaman: standing
Note: the root is Q-W-M and it means standing upright. QIYAMAN is the standing upright or upright standing.
waquAAoodan: and sitting
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. QuAAooDAN is derived from the root Qaf-Ain-D and it means sitting. Conceptually, it carries the meaning of staying in place and not moving/act or not wanting to move or act in addition to sitting. QuAAooDAN means the state of sitting.
waAAala: and on
junoobikum: your sides
Note: the root is J-N-B and it means side of an entity. This word then takes many meanings according to the context. Here, JUNOOBI means sides of. KUM means plural you.
Faitha: so if/ when
Itmanantum: You reached calmness/ security
Note: ITMANANTUM is derived from the root TTa-M-N and it means calmness and feeling secure or peaceful. ITMANANTUM is an action that is derived from the root that is completed. It means: the action of becoming calm or secure happened by the subject (second person plural)
faaqeemoo: then you (plural) uphold/ perform/ lead
Note: FA means therefore or so or then. AQEEMOO is derived from the root Qaf-W-M and it means standing upright or standing. The upright can be in all planes of position and for a horizontal dimension it means straight. AQEEMOO is an order or a request addressed to a group. It means here: Uphold or perform or lead.
Alssalata: the ritual prayer
Note: the root is Sad-L-Y and it means two main things in concrete. One is the lower back area and this one is used for one who is racing towards a goal and the head is close to the lower back of the one who is ahead. It is also used in concrete to mean heat and warmth and fire. The word is used for prayer as well. In this context, ALSSALATA is the ritual prayer.
Inna: indeed
Alssalata: the ritual prayer
Note: the root is Sad-L-Y and it means two main things in concrete. One is the lower back area and this one is used for one who is racing towards a goal and the head is close to the lower back of the one who is ahead. It is also used in concrete to mean heat and warmth and fire. The word is used for prayer as well. In this context, ALSSALATA is the ritual prayer.
Kanat: happened to be
Note: the root is K-W-N and it means being. KANAT is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means: the action of being happened by the subject (third personal singular feminine pointing to ALSSALATA). This in turn means: she was or she happened to be
AAala: upon
Almumineena: the ones who made themselves safe
Note: the root Hamza-M-N and it means safety. ALMUMINEENA means ones who make themselves safe.
Kitaban: a book
Note: the root K-T-B and it means putting things together as in grouping the herd together or closing the lips or writing (the most common use), because in writing, one puts the letters and the ideas together. KITABAN means, the process of writing or the book or anything related to it from the ideas to the ink and paper to the place where all is put together. It also can mean, in this context: a collection or combination of acts and recitations (as happens in the ritual prayer) put together.
Mawqootan: timed
Note: the root is W-Qaf-T and it means a measure of timing. MAWQOOTAN means timed.

Salaam all and have a great day.


Hussein

Monday, February 09, 2009

4:102

Salaam all,

This is 4:102
وَإِذَا كُنتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ الصَّلاَةَ فَلْتَقُمْ طَآئِفَةٌ مِّنْهُم مَّعَكَ وَلْيَأْخُذُواْ أَسْلِحَتَهُمْ فَإِذَا سَجَدُواْ فَلْيَكُونُواْ مِن وَرَآئِكُمْ وَلْتَأْتِ طَآئِفَةٌ أُخْرَى لَمْ يُصَلُّواْ فَلْيُصَلُّواْ مَعَكَ وَلْيَأْخُذُواْ حِذْرَهُمْ وَأَسْلِحَتَهُمْ وَدَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لَوْ تَغْفُلُونَ عَنْ أَسْلِحَتِكُمْ وَأَمْتِعَتِكُمْ فَيَمِيلُونَ عَلَيْكُم مَّيْلَةً وَاحِدَةً وَلاَ جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِن كَانَ بِكُمْ أَذًى مِّن مَّطَرٍ أَوْ كُنتُم مَّرْضَى أَن تَضَعُواْ أَسْلِحَتَكُمْ وَخُذُواْ حِذْرَكُمْ إِنَّ اللّهَ أَعَدَّ لِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابًا مُّهِينًا
Waitha kunta feehim faaqamta lahumu alssalata faltaqum taifatun minhum maAAaka walyakhuthoo aslihatahum faitha sajadoo falyakoonoo min waraikum waltati taifatun okhra lam yusalloo falyusalloo maAAaka walyakhuthoo hithrahum waaslihatahum wadda allatheena kafaroo law taghfuloona AAan aslihatikum waamtiAAatikum fayameeloona AAalaykum maylatan wahidatan wala junaha AAalaykum in kana bikum athan min matarin aw kuntum marda an tadaAAoo aslihatakum wakhuthoo hithrakum inna Allaha aAAadda lilkafireena AAathaban muheenan

The Aya says:
And if you (singular pointing to Muhammad pbuh) were amongst them, then led for them the Ritual prayer, so let a group amongst them perform with you, and let them take their weapons. So, once they prostrated, then let them be from behind you (plural) and let a remaining group that did not perform prayer come so they pray with you (O Muhammad) and let them take their vigilance and their weapons. Those who rejected like if you (plural) not pay attention away from your weapons and needed belongings, then they attack you (plural) one attack. And there is no problem upon you (plural) if happened to be in you (plural) harm from rain or you (plural) happened to be sick/ tired, that you put your weapons down. And take your vigilance, indeed, Allah has prepared to the rejecters humiliating suffering.

My personal note:
This Aya goes over the procedure of this kind of short prayer. It explains that the prophet (pbuh) lead the prayer with one group, so once they finished their prostration, that group should go and guard and the group that did not pray will come back and finish the prayer with the prophet.

Although this is addressed to the prophet, the rule applies to any leader who leads the prayer in such a circumstance of prayer in battle or in fear of battle.

Translation of the transliterated words:

Waitha: and if/ when
Kunta: you (singular) were/ happened to be
Note: the root is K-W-N and it means being. KUNTA is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means: the action of being happened by the subject (second person singular). This in turn means: you (singular) happened to be
Feehim: in them/ amongst them
Faaqamta: So you (singular) upheld/ performed/ led
Note: FA means therefore or so or then. AQAMTA is derived from the root Qaf-W-M and it means standing upright or standing. The upright can be in all planes of position and for a horizontal dimension it means straight. AQAMTA is an action that is completed. It is a form of the verb that comes after the conditional of ITHA that came earlier. It means: The action of making stand the object (Alssalata= the ritual prayer) happened by the subject (second person singular). Here it comes as performed or lead.
Lahumu: to them/ for them
Alssalata: the ritual prayer
Note: the root is Sad-L-Y and it means two main things in concrete. One is the lower back area and this one is used for one who is racing towards a goal and the head is close to the lower back of the one who is ahead. It is also used in concrete to mean heat and warmth and fire. The word is used for prayer as well. In this context, ALSSALATA is the ritual prayer.
Faltaqum: then let stand/ let perform
Note: Fa means then. LTAQUM is derived from the root Qaf-W-M and it means standing upright or standing. The upright can be in all planes of position and for a horizontal dimension it means straight. LTAQUM means let stand or let perform.
Taifatun: a group
Note: the root is TTa-W-F and it means to go around something in circles so that you get the feeling that you surround it. This is the concrete meaning and the abstract can be related to it especially the meaning of knowing something very well and being keen about it. TAIFATUN is a circle in a conceptual manner. In the context of this Aya, it takes the meaning of a group.
Minhum: of them/ from them
maAAaka: with you (singular)
walyakhuthoo: and let them take
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. LYAKHUTHOO is derived from the root Hamza-KH-TH and it means to take. LYAKHUTHOO means: let them take.
Aslihatahum: their weapons
Note: the root is S-L-Ha and it means: what one physically fights with. So, conceptually it covers any kind of weapon that is used in the fight.
Faitha: so if/ when
Sajadoo; they prostrated/ they finished prostrating
Note: the root is S-J-D and in concrete it means in one concrete form: a tree that is tilting downward due to a heavy load of fruits. It therefore is used conceptually to mean tilting downward of the face or the body including prostration as well as showing any sign of submission to a higher power. The range of meaning all those meanings together and one needs to understand it as both unless there is a strong reason in the sentence or elsewhere in the Qur’an to make one meaning inappropriate or impossible. SAJADOO is an action that is completed. It means: the action of prostrating in prayer happened by the subject (third person plural). Here, it points to finishing the prostration part of the ritual prayer.
Falyakoonoo: then let them be
Note: Fa means then or so or therefore. LYAKOONOO is derived from the root K-W-N and it means being. LYAKOONOO means: let them be.
Min: from
Waraikum: behind you (plural)
Note: the root is W-R-Hamza and it means behind or in front depending on the context and the plane of thought but with the general meaning of being out of sight. This therefore makes behind more frequent as a meaning. WARAI here means behind of. KUM means plural you.

Waltati: and let come
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. LTATI is derived from the root Hamza-T-Y and it means in concrete the water that comes from the rain of another land. In concrete it means the coming of something or someone with many of it’s implications. LTATI means: let come.
Taifatun: a group
Note: the root is TTa-W-F and it means to go around something in circles so that you get the feeling that you surround it. This is the concrete meaning and the abstract can be related to it especially the meaning of knowing something very well and being keen about it. TAIFATUN is a circle in a conceptual manner. In the context of this Aya, it takes the meaning of a group.
okhra: remaining/ another
Note: The root is Hamza-KH-R and it means remaining. OKHRA means remaining and in this context, another. It points to the group that did not yet pray.
Lam: not
Yusalloo: they pray
Note: the root is Sad-L-Y and it means two main things in concrete. One is the lower back area and this one is used for one who is racing towards a goal and the head is close to the lower back of the one who is ahead. It is also used in concrete to mean heat and warmth and fire. The word is used for prayer as well. YUSALLOO is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of performing ritual prayer is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural).
Falyusalloo: then let them pray
Note: FA means then or therefore or so. LYUSALLOO is derived from the root Sad-L-Y and it means two main things in concrete. One is the lower back area and this one is used for one who is racing towards a goal and the head is close to the lower back of the one who is ahead. It is also used in concrete to mean heat and warmth and fire. The word is used for prayer as well. LYUSALLOO means: let them pray.
maAAaka: with you (singular)
walyakhuthoo: and let them take
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. LYAKHUTHOO is derived from the root Hamza-KH-TH and it means to take. LYAKHUTHOO means: let them take.

Hithrahum: their caution/ vigilance
Note: the root is Ha-TH-R and it means fearing or consciousness of danger. HITHRA means consciousness of danger of or fearing of or caution of. HUM means plural them.
Waaslihatahum: including their weapons/ and their weapons.
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. ASLIHATAHUM is derived from the root S-L-Ha and it means: what one physically fights with. So, conceptually it covers any kind of weapon that is used in the fight. ASLIHATA means weapons of. HUM means them.
Wadda: they loved
Note: the root is W-D-D and it means proper love or genuine love. WADDA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of loving happened by the subject (third person plural).
Allatheena: those who
Kafaroo: rejected (Allah and His message)/ discarded
Note: the root is K-F-R and it means cover or bury in the ground, as in put the seed in the ground and cover it. This is then used conceptually for many purposes as in discarding and rejecting as well as burying. KAFARO is an action that is completed. It means: the action of rejection or discarding of the object (not declared, but understood from the context to point to God and/or the message) happened by the subject (third person plural).

Law: if (conditional with a hint of skepticism at times)
Taghfuloona: not pay attention
Note: The root is GHain-F-L and it means not paying attention. TAGHFULOONA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of not paying attention is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person plural).
AAan: from/ away from
Note: this word takes the meaning of from, but at times takes the meaning of away from and so on.
aslihatikum: your (plural) weapons
Note: ASLIHATIKUM is derived from the root S-L-Ha and it means: what one physically fights with. So, conceptually it covers any kind of weapon that is used in the fight. ASLIHATI means weapons of. KUM means plural you.
waamtiAAatikum: and your belongings/ belongings of need or use.
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. AMTiAAaTIKUM is derived from the root M-T-Ain and it means when the wine becomes very red or when the rope becomes tight. This is the concrete and the concept gives the meaning of something or someone reaching where it needs to reach within the limits of time, space, etc. AMTiAAaTIKUM are the belongings that help the person reach their goal.

Fayameeloona: then they tilt/ they exert pressure/ they attack
Note: FA means then or therefore or so. YAMEELOONA is derived from the root Note: the root is M-Y-L and it means tilting of the land. One concrete understanding means the distance as far the eye can see. Conceptually, it takes the meaning of a tilt towards something or towards one extreme over another, instead of maintaining balance. It can also point to putting the weight in one direction or another so it tilts under pressure. YAMEELOONA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means the action of the tilting or pressing in one direction is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural). In this context, it points to exerting pressure or attacking.
AAalaykum: upon you (plural)
Maylatan: an attack/ exertion of pressure
Note: the root is M-Y-L and it means tilting of the land. One concrete understanding means the distance as far the eye can see. Conceptually, it takes the meaning of a tilt towards something or towards one extreme over another, instead of maintaining balance. It can also point to putting the weight in one direction or another so it tilts under pressure. MAYLATAN means a tilt, or an exertion of pressure so one tilts or, as in this context, an attack.
Wahidatan: one
Note: the root is W-Ha-D and it means one. WAHIDATAN means one (feminine and it points to maylatan).

Wala: and not
junaha: tilt to error/ problem
Note: the root is J-N-Ha and it means wing or side in the concrete. The Conceptual meaning is related and points to a tilt one way or another. In this context, it points to a tilt to error or sin or wrong. JUNAHA means a tilt to the wrong side.
AAalaykum: upon you (plural)
In: if
Kana: happened to be
Note: the root is K-W-N and it means being. KANA is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means: the action of being happened by the subject (third personal singular). This in turn means: He was or He happened to be.
Bikum: in you (plural)
Note: Bi denotes that what comes after is a tool and/or an object or an association with an action that was mentioned. If it is an object of the action then it makes it stronger. KUM means plural you.
Athan: harm/ hurt
Note: the root is Hamza-TH-Y and it means harm or hurt in all it’s forms, physical and emotional and so forth. ATHAN means harm or hurt.
Min: from
Matarin: rain
Note: the root is M-TTA-R and it means rain. MATARIN is rain.
Aw: or
Kuntum: you (plural) happened to be
Note: the root is K-W-N and it means being. KUNTUM is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means: the action of being happened by the subject (second person plural). This in turn means: you (plural) happened to be
Marda: sick/ weak/ tired
Note: the root is M-R-Dhad and it means state of incompleteness or state of imbalance. This means illness or disease as well. MARDA are the persons who became ill or sick or even just tired
An: that
tadaAAoo: you (plural) put down
Note: the root is W-Dhad-Ain and it means: putting down an entity. The word then takes the meaning according to the context of the sentence and plane of thought.. TADaAAoo is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of putting down the object (ASLIHATAKUM= your weapons) is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person plural).
aslihatakum: your (plural) weapons
Note: ASLIHATAKUM is derived from the root S-L-Ha and it means: what one physically fights with. So, conceptually it covers any kind of weapon that is used in the fight. ASLIHATA means weapons of. KUM means plural you.
Wakhuthoo: and take
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. KHUTHOO is derived from the root Hamza-KH-TH and it means to take. KHUTHOO is an order or demand or request addressed to a group. It means you (plural) take.

Hithrakum: your (plural) caution/ consciousness of danger/ vigilance
Note: the root is Ha-TH-R and it means fearing or consciousness of danger. HITHRA means consciousness of danger of or fearing of or caution of. KUM means plural you.
Inna: indeed
Allaha: Allah
aAAadda: prepared
Note: aAAaDDA is derived from the root Ain-D-D and it means counting. Conceptually, it takes the meaning of counting in addition to preparing what is needed because this includes counting. According to this context, aAAaDDA takes the meaning of preparation or “making the count” more literally. It is an action that is completed. It means: the action of making counted the object (AAathaban= suffering) or making it prepared, happened by the subject (third person singular pointing to Allah).
Lilkafireena: to the rejecters/ the discarders (of Allah and His message)
Note: LI means to. LKAFIREENA is derived from the root K-F-R and it means cover or bury in the ground, as in put the seed in the ground and cover it. This is then used conceptually for many purposes as in discarding and rejecting as well as burying. ALKAFIREENA are the ones who reject the truth or discard it. In this context, the truth is Allah and His message.
AAathabun: suffering
Note: the root is Ain-TH-B and it means an easy to swallow food or drink. AAaTHAB is what makes one not take an easy to swallow food or drink. That is suffering.

Muheenan: Humiliating/ makes them worthless/ weightless.
Note: the root is H-W-N and it means easy and supple and of low weight. Conceptually, it is used for any matter that does not weigh heavily on others. This can be positive as in making something easy. It can be negative as when a person or group of people become with no weight, as in becoming humiliated. MUHEEN means: makes them with no weight. Here it takes the meaning of humiliating or makes them worthless.

Salaam all and have a great day.

Hussein

Monday, February 02, 2009

4:101

Salaam all,

this is 4:101
وَإِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي الأَرْضِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَن تَقْصُرُواْ مِنَ الصَّلاَةِ إِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَن يَفْتِنَكُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ إِنَّ الْكَافِرِينَ كَانُواْ لَكُمْ عَدُوًّا مُّبِينًا
Waitha darabtum fee alardi falaysa AAalaykum junahun an taqsuroo mina alssalati in khiftum an yaftinakumu allatheena kafaroo inna alkafireena kanoo lakum AAaduwwan mubeenan

The Aya says:
And when you hit in the land, then there is not a problem upon you (plural) that you shorten of the ritual prayer if you feared that those who rejected (Allah and his message) cause hardship to you (plural). Indeed, the rejecters happened to be self evident enemies to you (plural).

My personal note:
This aya points to a rule of shortening the prayer in case people were travelling and feared fight or any form of harassment from their enemies. The shortening can be in the number of repeated movements, but also in the period spent during prayer.

Translation of the transliterated words:
Waitha: and if/ when
Darabtum: you (plural) hit with measure and purpose/ fought with measure and purpose/ moved
Note: the root is Dhad-R-B and it means hitting of the limbs to serve a function. The word carries mainly three components to the meaning, the hitting of the limbs, a measure and a purpose. This then has many meanings including hitting, or traveling or working with the limbs and so on and so forth. In this context, it is open to a wide range of understanding including travelling for fighting or otherwise. DARABTUM is an action that is completed. It means: the action of hitting of the limbs happened by the subject (second person plural).
Fee: in
Alardi: the land/ the earth
Note: the root is Hamza-R-Dhad and it means land or earth. AlARDI is the land or the earth.
Falaysa: then not
AAalaykum: upon you (plural)
Junahun: tilt to error/ problem
Note: the root is J-N-Ha and it means wing or side in the concrete. The Conceptual meaning is related and points to a tilt one way or another. In this context, it points to a tilt to error or sin or wrong. JUNAHUN means a tilt to the wrong side.
An: that
Taqsuroo: you (plural) shorten
Note: the root is Qaf-Sad-R and it means short in stature. Conceptually, it is used to any form of limit whether in height or other features. The word QASR means a well fortified house or castle or palace because it has limited access to it against invaders and so on. TAQSUROO is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of making short the object (Alsalat= the prayer) is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person plural).
Mina: of /from
Alssalati: the prayer/ the ritual prayer.
Note: the root is Sad-L-Y and it means two main things in concrete. One is the lower back area and this one is used for one who is racing towards a goal and the head is close to the lower back of the one who is ahead. It is also used in concrete to mean heat and warmth and fire. The word is used for prayer as well. In this context, ALSSALATA is the ritual prayer.
In: if
Khiftum: you (plural) feared
Note: the root is KH-W-F and it means fear or scare. KHIFTUM is an action that is completed. It means: the action of fear happened by the subject (second person plural).
An: that
Yaftinakumu: they test you (plural)/ cause you hardship/ fighting
Note: the root is F-T-N and it means in concrete form, the melting of Gold or silver in order to know the pure from the impure or the true from the fake. Therefore, in abstract, the word suggests an extreme test with hardship in it, or a burn with fire or even taking someone’s eyes with the glitter of the false Gold and silver. Here, it means the severe test that has hardship in it. YAFTINA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of sever testing or causing hardship including fighting on the object (KUMU=plural you) is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural)
Allatheena: those who
Kafaroo: rejected (Allah and His message)/ discarded
Note: the root is K-F-R and it means cover or bury in the ground, as in put the seed in the ground and cover it. This is then used conceptually for many purposes as in discarding and rejecting as well as burying. KAFARO is an action that is completed. It means: the action of rejection or discarding of the object (not declared, but understood from the context to point to God and/or the message) happened by the subject (third person plural).
Inna: indeed
Alkafireena: the rejecters/ the discarders of truth
Kafaroo: rejected (Allah and His message)/ discarded
Note: the root is K-F-R and it means cover or bury in the ground, as in put the seed in the ground and cover it. This is then used conceptually for many purposes as in discarding and rejecting as well as burying. ALKAFIREENA are the ones who reject the truth or discard it.
Kanoo: happened to be
Note: the root is K-W-N and it means being. KANOO is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means: the action of being happened by the subject (third personal plural). This in turn means: they were or they happened to be
Lakum: to you (plural)
AAaduwwan: enemy
Note: the root is Ain-D-W and it means running or overstepping boundaries since the running is a form of overstepping a boundary. Conceptually, it is also used to point to animosity since animosity stems from overstepping boundaries or enemies overstep boundaries of each other. AAaDUWWAN means enemy in this context.
Mubeenan: clear/ self evident/ clarifying
Note: the root is B-Y-N and it means in concrete between. The action of the verb is betweening. This betweening can mean clarifying because one can know better the difference between two things. It also can mean distancing because the betweening makes things become apart. MUBEEN is the one that makes between in a conceptual sense. In this context, it points to being clear and self evident.

Salaam all and have a great day.

Hussein