4:102

Salaam all,

This is 4:102
وَإِذَا كُنتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ الصَّلاَةَ فَلْتَقُمْ طَآئِفَةٌ مِّنْهُم مَّعَكَ وَلْيَأْخُذُواْ أَسْلِحَتَهُمْ فَإِذَا سَجَدُواْ فَلْيَكُونُواْ مِن وَرَآئِكُمْ وَلْتَأْتِ طَآئِفَةٌ أُخْرَى لَمْ يُصَلُّواْ فَلْيُصَلُّواْ مَعَكَ وَلْيَأْخُذُواْ حِذْرَهُمْ وَأَسْلِحَتَهُمْ وَدَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لَوْ تَغْفُلُونَ عَنْ أَسْلِحَتِكُمْ وَأَمْتِعَتِكُمْ فَيَمِيلُونَ عَلَيْكُم مَّيْلَةً وَاحِدَةً وَلاَ جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِن كَانَ بِكُمْ أَذًى مِّن مَّطَرٍ أَوْ كُنتُم مَّرْضَى أَن تَضَعُواْ أَسْلِحَتَكُمْ وَخُذُواْ حِذْرَكُمْ إِنَّ اللّهَ أَعَدَّ لِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابًا مُّهِينًا
Waitha kunta feehim faaqamta lahumu alssalata faltaqum taifatun minhum maAAaka walyakhuthoo aslihatahum faitha sajadoo falyakoonoo min waraikum waltati taifatun okhra lam yusalloo falyusalloo maAAaka walyakhuthoo hithrahum waaslihatahum wadda allatheena kafaroo law taghfuloona AAan aslihatikum waamtiAAatikum fayameeloona AAalaykum maylatan wahidatan wala junaha AAalaykum in kana bikum athan min matarin aw kuntum marda an tadaAAoo aslihatakum wakhuthoo hithrakum inna Allaha aAAadda lilkafireena AAathaban muheenan

The Aya says:
And if you (singular pointing to Muhammad pbuh) were amongst them, then led for them the Ritual prayer, so let a group amongst them perform with you, and let them take their weapons. So, once they prostrated, then let them be from behind you (plural) and let a remaining group that did not perform prayer come so they pray with you (O Muhammad) and let them take their vigilance and their weapons. Those who rejected like if you (plural) not pay attention away from your weapons and needed belongings, then they attack you (plural) one attack. And there is no problem upon you (plural) if happened to be in you (plural) harm from rain or you (plural) happened to be sick/ tired, that you put your weapons down. And take your vigilance, indeed, Allah has prepared to the rejecters humiliating suffering.

My personal note:
This Aya goes over the procedure of this kind of short prayer. It explains that the prophet (pbuh) lead the prayer with one group, so once they finished their prostration, that group should go and guard and the group that did not pray will come back and finish the prayer with the prophet.

Although this is addressed to the prophet, the rule applies to any leader who leads the prayer in such a circumstance of prayer in battle or in fear of battle.

Translation of the transliterated words:

Waitha: and if/ when
Kunta: you (singular) were/ happened to be
Note: the root is K-W-N and it means being. KUNTA is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means: the action of being happened by the subject (second person singular). This in turn means: you (singular) happened to be
Feehim: in them/ amongst them
Faaqamta: So you (singular) upheld/ performed/ led
Note: FA means therefore or so or then. AQAMTA is derived from the root Qaf-W-M and it means standing upright or standing. The upright can be in all planes of position and for a horizontal dimension it means straight. AQAMTA is an action that is completed. It is a form of the verb that comes after the conditional of ITHA that came earlier. It means: The action of making stand the object (Alssalata= the ritual prayer) happened by the subject (second person singular). Here it comes as performed or lead.
Lahumu: to them/ for them
Alssalata: the ritual prayer
Note: the root is Sad-L-Y and it means two main things in concrete. One is the lower back area and this one is used for one who is racing towards a goal and the head is close to the lower back of the one who is ahead. It is also used in concrete to mean heat and warmth and fire. The word is used for prayer as well. In this context, ALSSALATA is the ritual prayer.
Faltaqum: then let stand/ let perform
Note: Fa means then. LTAQUM is derived from the root Qaf-W-M and it means standing upright or standing. The upright can be in all planes of position and for a horizontal dimension it means straight. LTAQUM means let stand or let perform.
Taifatun: a group
Note: the root is TTa-W-F and it means to go around something in circles so that you get the feeling that you surround it. This is the concrete meaning and the abstract can be related to it especially the meaning of knowing something very well and being keen about it. TAIFATUN is a circle in a conceptual manner. In the context of this Aya, it takes the meaning of a group.
Minhum: of them/ from them
maAAaka: with you (singular)
walyakhuthoo: and let them take
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. LYAKHUTHOO is derived from the root Hamza-KH-TH and it means to take. LYAKHUTHOO means: let them take.
Aslihatahum: their weapons
Note: the root is S-L-Ha and it means: what one physically fights with. So, conceptually it covers any kind of weapon that is used in the fight.
Faitha: so if/ when
Sajadoo; they prostrated/ they finished prostrating
Note: the root is S-J-D and in concrete it means in one concrete form: a tree that is tilting downward due to a heavy load of fruits. It therefore is used conceptually to mean tilting downward of the face or the body including prostration as well as showing any sign of submission to a higher power. The range of meaning all those meanings together and one needs to understand it as both unless there is a strong reason in the sentence or elsewhere in the Qur’an to make one meaning inappropriate or impossible. SAJADOO is an action that is completed. It means: the action of prostrating in prayer happened by the subject (third person plural). Here, it points to finishing the prostration part of the ritual prayer.
Falyakoonoo: then let them be
Note: Fa means then or so or therefore. LYAKOONOO is derived from the root K-W-N and it means being. LYAKOONOO means: let them be.
Min: from
Waraikum: behind you (plural)
Note: the root is W-R-Hamza and it means behind or in front depending on the context and the plane of thought but with the general meaning of being out of sight. This therefore makes behind more frequent as a meaning. WARAI here means behind of. KUM means plural you.

Waltati: and let come
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. LTATI is derived from the root Hamza-T-Y and it means in concrete the water that comes from the rain of another land. In concrete it means the coming of something or someone with many of it’s implications. LTATI means: let come.
Taifatun: a group
Note: the root is TTa-W-F and it means to go around something in circles so that you get the feeling that you surround it. This is the concrete meaning and the abstract can be related to it especially the meaning of knowing something very well and being keen about it. TAIFATUN is a circle in a conceptual manner. In the context of this Aya, it takes the meaning of a group.
okhra: remaining/ another
Note: The root is Hamza-KH-R and it means remaining. OKHRA means remaining and in this context, another. It points to the group that did not yet pray.
Lam: not
Yusalloo: they pray
Note: the root is Sad-L-Y and it means two main things in concrete. One is the lower back area and this one is used for one who is racing towards a goal and the head is close to the lower back of the one who is ahead. It is also used in concrete to mean heat and warmth and fire. The word is used for prayer as well. YUSALLOO is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of performing ritual prayer is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural).
Falyusalloo: then let them pray
Note: FA means then or therefore or so. LYUSALLOO is derived from the root Sad-L-Y and it means two main things in concrete. One is the lower back area and this one is used for one who is racing towards a goal and the head is close to the lower back of the one who is ahead. It is also used in concrete to mean heat and warmth and fire. The word is used for prayer as well. LYUSALLOO means: let them pray.
maAAaka: with you (singular)
walyakhuthoo: and let them take
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. LYAKHUTHOO is derived from the root Hamza-KH-TH and it means to take. LYAKHUTHOO means: let them take.

Hithrahum: their caution/ vigilance
Note: the root is Ha-TH-R and it means fearing or consciousness of danger. HITHRA means consciousness of danger of or fearing of or caution of. HUM means plural them.
Waaslihatahum: including their weapons/ and their weapons.
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. ASLIHATAHUM is derived from the root S-L-Ha and it means: what one physically fights with. So, conceptually it covers any kind of weapon that is used in the fight. ASLIHATA means weapons of. HUM means them.
Wadda: they loved
Note: the root is W-D-D and it means proper love or genuine love. WADDA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of loving happened by the subject (third person plural).
Allatheena: those who
Kafaroo: rejected (Allah and His message)/ discarded
Note: the root is K-F-R and it means cover or bury in the ground, as in put the seed in the ground and cover it. This is then used conceptually for many purposes as in discarding and rejecting as well as burying. KAFARO is an action that is completed. It means: the action of rejection or discarding of the object (not declared, but understood from the context to point to God and/or the message) happened by the subject (third person plural).

Law: if (conditional with a hint of skepticism at times)
Taghfuloona: not pay attention
Note: The root is GHain-F-L and it means not paying attention. TAGHFULOONA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of not paying attention is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person plural).
AAan: from/ away from
Note: this word takes the meaning of from, but at times takes the meaning of away from and so on.
aslihatikum: your (plural) weapons
Note: ASLIHATIKUM is derived from the root S-L-Ha and it means: what one physically fights with. So, conceptually it covers any kind of weapon that is used in the fight. ASLIHATI means weapons of. KUM means plural you.
waamtiAAatikum: and your belongings/ belongings of need or use.
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. AMTiAAaTIKUM is derived from the root M-T-Ain and it means when the wine becomes very red or when the rope becomes tight. This is the concrete and the concept gives the meaning of something or someone reaching where it needs to reach within the limits of time, space, etc. AMTiAAaTIKUM are the belongings that help the person reach their goal.

Fayameeloona: then they tilt/ they exert pressure/ they attack
Note: FA means then or therefore or so. YAMEELOONA is derived from the root Note: the root is M-Y-L and it means tilting of the land. One concrete understanding means the distance as far the eye can see. Conceptually, it takes the meaning of a tilt towards something or towards one extreme over another, instead of maintaining balance. It can also point to putting the weight in one direction or another so it tilts under pressure. YAMEELOONA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means the action of the tilting or pressing in one direction is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural). In this context, it points to exerting pressure or attacking.
AAalaykum: upon you (plural)
Maylatan: an attack/ exertion of pressure
Note: the root is M-Y-L and it means tilting of the land. One concrete understanding means the distance as far the eye can see. Conceptually, it takes the meaning of a tilt towards something or towards one extreme over another, instead of maintaining balance. It can also point to putting the weight in one direction or another so it tilts under pressure. MAYLATAN means a tilt, or an exertion of pressure so one tilts or, as in this context, an attack.
Wahidatan: one
Note: the root is W-Ha-D and it means one. WAHIDATAN means one (feminine and it points to maylatan).

Wala: and not
junaha: tilt to error/ problem
Note: the root is J-N-Ha and it means wing or side in the concrete. The Conceptual meaning is related and points to a tilt one way or another. In this context, it points to a tilt to error or sin or wrong. JUNAHA means a tilt to the wrong side.
AAalaykum: upon you (plural)
In: if
Kana: happened to be
Note: the root is K-W-N and it means being. KANA is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means: the action of being happened by the subject (third personal singular). This in turn means: He was or He happened to be.
Bikum: in you (plural)
Note: Bi denotes that what comes after is a tool and/or an object or an association with an action that was mentioned. If it is an object of the action then it makes it stronger. KUM means plural you.
Athan: harm/ hurt
Note: the root is Hamza-TH-Y and it means harm or hurt in all it’s forms, physical and emotional and so forth. ATHAN means harm or hurt.
Min: from
Matarin: rain
Note: the root is M-TTA-R and it means rain. MATARIN is rain.
Aw: or
Kuntum: you (plural) happened to be
Note: the root is K-W-N and it means being. KUNTUM is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means: the action of being happened by the subject (second person plural). This in turn means: you (plural) happened to be
Marda: sick/ weak/ tired
Note: the root is M-R-Dhad and it means state of incompleteness or state of imbalance. This means illness or disease as well. MARDA are the persons who became ill or sick or even just tired
An: that
tadaAAoo: you (plural) put down
Note: the root is W-Dhad-Ain and it means: putting down an entity. The word then takes the meaning according to the context of the sentence and plane of thought.. TADaAAoo is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of putting down the object (ASLIHATAKUM= your weapons) is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person plural).
aslihatakum: your (plural) weapons
Note: ASLIHATAKUM is derived from the root S-L-Ha and it means: what one physically fights with. So, conceptually it covers any kind of weapon that is used in the fight. ASLIHATA means weapons of. KUM means plural you.
Wakhuthoo: and take
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. KHUTHOO is derived from the root Hamza-KH-TH and it means to take. KHUTHOO is an order or demand or request addressed to a group. It means you (plural) take.

Hithrakum: your (plural) caution/ consciousness of danger/ vigilance
Note: the root is Ha-TH-R and it means fearing or consciousness of danger. HITHRA means consciousness of danger of or fearing of or caution of. KUM means plural you.
Inna: indeed
Allaha: Allah
aAAadda: prepared
Note: aAAaDDA is derived from the root Ain-D-D and it means counting. Conceptually, it takes the meaning of counting in addition to preparing what is needed because this includes counting. According to this context, aAAaDDA takes the meaning of preparation or “making the count” more literally. It is an action that is completed. It means: the action of making counted the object (AAathaban= suffering) or making it prepared, happened by the subject (third person singular pointing to Allah).
Lilkafireena: to the rejecters/ the discarders (of Allah and His message)
Note: LI means to. LKAFIREENA is derived from the root K-F-R and it means cover or bury in the ground, as in put the seed in the ground and cover it. This is then used conceptually for many purposes as in discarding and rejecting as well as burying. ALKAFIREENA are the ones who reject the truth or discard it. In this context, the truth is Allah and His message.
AAathabun: suffering
Note: the root is Ain-TH-B and it means an easy to swallow food or drink. AAaTHAB is what makes one not take an easy to swallow food or drink. That is suffering.

Muheenan: Humiliating/ makes them worthless/ weightless.
Note: the root is H-W-N and it means easy and supple and of low weight. Conceptually, it is used for any matter that does not weigh heavily on others. This can be positive as in making something easy. It can be negative as when a person or group of people become with no weight, as in becoming humiliated. MUHEEN means: makes them with no weight. Here it takes the meaning of humiliating or makes them worthless.

Salaam all and have a great day.

Hussein