Salaam all,
This is 5:33
إِنَّمَا جَزَاء الَّذِينَ يُحَارِبُونَ اللّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَيَسْعَوْنَ فِي الأَرْضِ فَسَادًا أَن يُقَتَّلُواْ أَوْ يُصَلَّبُواْ أَوْ تُقَطَّعَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَرْجُلُهُم مِّنْ خِلافٍ أَوْ يُنفَوْاْ مِنَ الأَرْضِ ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ خِزْيٌ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَلَهُمْ فِي الآخِرَةِ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ Innama jazao allatheena yuhariboona Allaha warasoolahu wayasAAawna fee alardi fasadan an yuqattaloo aw yusallaboo aw tuqattaAAa aydeehim waarjuluhum min khilafin aw yunfaw mina alardi thalika lahum khizyun fee alddunya walahum fee alakhirati AAathabun AAatheemun
The Aya says:
The payback for those who wage war against Allah and his envoy including working intently on corruption in the land is not other than they be killed or crucified or their limbs amputated on alternate sides or they be exiled from the land. This, to them is humiliation in this life and to them belongs great suffering in the next life.
My personal note:This Aya is of great importance because it carries many meanings and potential meanings as well as potential for misunderstanding and abuse.
The term YUHARIBOONA which is translated as waging war, it s a term that can encompass war in the violent and physical sense but it can still encompass a non violent form of war.
The Aya covers any group of people who threaten the safety of Islam or Muslims. The narrow understanding is mainly for the highway robbers and attackers who may steal money from the people or even kill them. The scholars refer those people to the most severe punishment including crucifixion and amputation of the limbs on alternate ends. This is provided that they did not repent before the Muslims take hold of them. If they repented before then they should be let go free.
The less severe forms of the punishment can apply therefore to crimes that are different from the above but that are considered threatening to the safety of the Muslims, the Muslim state or Islam. One fears that such an interpretation gives a wide leeway to someone to persecute and kill lots of people. The answer to that point is that the Muslim ruler is obligated to limit himself to what the prophet (pbuh) had ordered or implemented himself within this general area, but cannot go further or beyond what the prophet had done. This also provides the ruler with binding guidance as to which of the above options to use for which kinds of categories of infractions that are covered by the Aya.
The term yunfaw min alardi is translated as “expelled or exiled from the land”. This term can include exile but it also can include jail as a form of exile. Basically, it encompasses any act that separates the person from the public.
The fourth point is that, although the order in the Aya is to the generality of Muslims, the understanding of the consensus of the early muslims and later muslim scholars is that the implementation is
only through the Muslim soverign ruler and not through a mob kind of mentality nor does it give a right to a group to implement it on it’s own without the ruler’s expressed orders unless they acted in self defense.
Translation of the transliterated words:
Innama:
it is not but/ it is restricted except for/ there is not other but
Note: this statement indicates that what is coming next does not happen except in one situation.
Jazao:
compensation of/ payback of
Note: JAZAO is derived from the root J-Z Y and it means compensation for action that can be good or bad. JAZAO is compensation of.
Allatheena:
those whoYuhariboona:
wage war/ attack what is cherished/ work on eliminating peaceNote: the root is HA-R-B and it means war or lack of peace. Some concrete uses of the words are: the money of the person, the best room or most secure room in the house and so on. The concept is about lack of peace and about threatening what is cherished. So HARB does not have to be only violent but it is potentially violent. YUHARIBOONA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of waging war in an interactive manner or attacking what is cherished against the object (Allah WARASULOOAHU= Allah and his messenger) is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural)
Allaha:
Allah
warasoolahu:
and His messenger/ envoy
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. RASOOLA is derived from the root R-S-L and it means to envoy someone or a group of people or animals. The concrete word is RASL and it means a group of people or animals that were sent by their owners or senders. RASOOLA means envoy or messenger of. HI means Him and it points to Allah.
wayasAAawna:
including they work intentlyNote: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. YASAAaWNA is derived from the root S-Ain-Y and it means moving intently or in physical activity. Conceptually, it means the moving rapidly because of limitations of time, it also means work intently to reach a goal or walking in a hurried manner. The cotnext determines which usage applies. YASAAaWNA is an action that is being completed or will be comepleted. It means: the action of working intently to reach a goal is happening by the subject (third person plural)
Fee:
in/ on/ in and onNote: the term carries the meaning of in and on within it’s range. The context can limit the meaning to one or the other or can keep it open as in here, to cover both in and on at the same time.
Alardi:
the land/ the earth
Note: the root is Hamza-R-Dhad and it means land or earth. AlARDI is the land or the earth.
fasadan:
corruption/ damage/ harm/ injuryNote: the root is F-S-D and it means damage and rot, as in the food that was damaged and so forth. FASADAN is damage or harm or injury and corruption and all those things to lead to harm.
An: that
Yuqattaloo:
they should be killed/ mortally injuredNote: the root is Qaf-T-L and it means killing or actions that potentially can lead to death including injury and others. YUQATTALOO is an action that is happening or will be happening. It means: the action of killing or fatally injuring the object (third person plural) is happening or going to happen by an undeclared subject. There is stress in this verb.
Aw:
or
Yusallaboo:
they be indeed crucifiedNote: The root is Sad-L-B and it means the back bone in concrete. This is then used conceptually to point to something hard and standing straight and strong. The Arabic word for cross, Saleeb is derived from it as well, because it stands on a standing upright beam. YUSALLABOO is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of Crucifying is happening or will be happening, with stress, by an undeclared subject to the object (third person singular plural).
Aw:
or
tuqattaAAa:
be cut
Note: TUQATTaAAa is derived from the root Qaf-TTa-Ain and it means cutting as a conceptual meaning which can be very concrete or differently. In this sentence, it is used more to mean make go away or disappear. TUQATTaAAa is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of cutting is happening or will be happening by an undeclared subject on the object (aydeehim waarjuluhum= their hands and legs) that is coming up.
Aydeehim:
their hands/ their arms
Note: AYDEEHIM is derived from the root Y-D and it means hand or arm. It is also used conceptually for anything that shares features or functions of hands or the upper arm. AYDEE means hands of. HIM means them.
Waarjuluhum:
and their feet/legsNote: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. ARJULUHUM is derived from the root R-J-L and it means legs or feet. The word also means men depending on the situation. One possible link could be because when men and women are in the caravan and the ability to ride is limited, then the men will be on their legs, while the women will be riding the camels or so forth. ARJULU means feet or legs of. HUM means them.
Min:
from
Khilafin:
opposite ends/alternate endsNote: the root is KH-L-F and it means behind in time or place or any other plane of thought. For time, it takes the meaning of what happens after or the future. KHILAF is the process of putting one entity behind another in time or place or thought or otherwise. In this context, it talks limbs on opposite ends as in right arm and left leg or the opposite to that.
Aw:
or
Yunfaw:
they be exiled/ expelled
Note: the root is N-F-Y and it means in one concrete usage: when the hair had fallen from the head and is gone. Conceptually, it is used for rejection of an antity or denying it or expelling someone from somewhere and so on. YUNFAW is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of exiling or expelling is happening or will be happening by an undeclared subject to the object (third person plural). The expelling can be through jail or exiling outside of the territory.
mina:
from
Alardi:
the land/ the earthNote: the root is Hamza-R-Dhad and it means land or earth. AlARDI is the land or the earth.
Thalika:
that
Lahum:
to themKhizyun:
humiliation/ embarrassment
Note: the root is KH-Z-Y and it means being overpowered, emabarrassed or humiliated. KHIZYUN means humiliation.
Fee:
in
Alddunya:
the near/ the nearer/ this lifeNote: the root is D-N-W and it means nearness or nearing. ALDUNYA means the near. In this case, it points to this life that we are living in as the near. ALDDUNYA is also this life that we are living.
Walahum:
and to them belongs/ and to themFee:
in
Alakhirati:
the next life
Note: ALAKHIRATI is derived from the root Hamza-KH-R and it means remaining. ALAKHIRATI means the remaining or the later. This, in turn means the later life or the life after death.
AAathabun:
sufferingNote: the root is Ain-TH-B and it means an easy to swallow food or drink. AAaTHAB is what makes one not take an easy to swallow food or drink. That is suffering.
AAatheemun:
great Note: the root is Ain-TH-M and it means great/hard/strong. The concrete word is AAaTHM and that is the bones or the hard/strong/firm core of things. AAaTHEEM means great.
Salaam all and have a great day.
Hussein
