9:120

Salaam all,

9:120
مَا كَانَ لِأَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُم مِّنَ الأَعْرَابِ أَن يَتَخَلَّفُواْ عَن رَّسُولِ اللّهِ وَلاَ يَرْغَبُواْ بِأَنفُسِهِمْ عَن نَّفْسِهِ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ لاَ يُصِيبُهُمْ ظَمَأٌ وَلاَ نَصَبٌ وَلاَ مَخْمَصَةٌ فِي سَبِيلِ اللّهِ وَلاَ يَطَؤُونَ مَوْطِئًا يَغِيظُ الْكُفَّارَ وَلاَ يَنَالُونَ مِنْ عَدُوٍّ نَّيْلاً إِلاَّ كُتِبَ لَهُم بِهِ عَمَلٌ صَالِحٌ إِنَّ اللّهَ لاَ يُضِيعُ أَجْرَ الْمُحْسِنِينَ
Ma kana liahli almadeenati waman hawlahum mina alaAArabi an yatakhallafoo AAan rasooli Allahi wala yarghaboo bianfusihim AAan nafsihi thalika biannahum la yuseebuhum thamaon wala nasabun wala makhmasatun fee sabeeli Allahi wala yataoona mawtian yagheethu alkuffara wala yanaloona min AAaduwwin naylan illa kutiba lahum bihi AAamalun salihun inna Allaha la yudeeAAu ajra almuhsineena

The Aya says:
It was not for the people of Medina and those who are around them of the nomadic Arabs to drag themselves from Allah’s messenger nor to prefer themselves from his self. That is because no thirst nor hardship nor hunger hits them nor their setting foot in a place that frustrates the rejecters nor their gaining a gain from an enemy except that it is decreed for them as a beneficent act. Indeed, Allah does not squander the reward of the propagators of good.

My personal note:

The Aya brings about that any suffering the person suffers as they move in Allah’s path is counted for them as an act of beneficence in addition to the gains. It pushes to contemplate all of our actions in Allah’s path or as acts of worship by looking at the intentions behind and the positive effect they produce.

Translation of the transliterated words:

Ma kana: it was not to be/ it should not be
Note: MA is for negation of what comes after. KANA is derived from the root K-W-N and it means being. KANA is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means: the action of being happened by the subject (third personal singular). MA KANA gets the meaning: was not to be/ should not be

Liahli: for people of
Note: Li means for or to. AHLI is derived from the root Hamza-H-L and one concrete meaning of the word is the fat that surrounds the back of the animal. It is used conceptually to mean family or any of the people that are closely associated with the entity being discussed. This could be because they are like the fat as in they engulf and protect and so forth and gain protection at the same time. AHLA means people of or family of.
Almadeenati: the city/ Medina
Note: There is a difference in opinion whether the root is D-Y-N and it means debt or law or religion. What groups them together is the concept of obligation, since religion is the obligation of man towards God. DEENI is obligation of or religion of, with religion being the obligation of man towards God. In this kind of context MADINA means a city and town where there is central authority or something like that. The other root is M-D-N and it means settled place. MADINA becomes any place where people settle and are not nomads. Whatever the origin it points to settled place and also a place under some kind of command and order and so on. In this context it points to the city where the prophet is living and having authority as in established state.

Waman: and who
Hawlahum: around them/ their periphery
Note: the root is Ha-W-L and it means cycle or circle. This means anything that goes in circles of time of space or other wise. HAWLA means surround or around of. HUM means them
Mina: of
alaAArabi : the nomadic Arabs
Note: the root is r-jB and it is the name of the Arabs and they are defined as the people whose mother tongue is Arabic or who lived and assimilated in the Arab lands. ALaAARAB are the nomadic arabs.

An: to/ that
Yatakhallafoo: make themselves stay behind/ drag themselves behind
Note: the root is KH-L-F and it means behind in time or place or any other plane of thought. For time, it takes the meaning of what happens after or the future. YATAKHALLAFOO is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: it means the action of make oneself stay behind is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural)

AAan: from / about
Rasooli: messenger of/ envoy of
Note: RASOOLI is derived from the root R-S-L and it means to envoy someone or a group of people or animals. The concrete word is RASL and it means a group of people or animals that were sent by their owners or senders. RUSULUN means messengers of and is the plural of RASOOL who is the one that is sent and is used to mean the messenger because he was sent by the sender to the receiver. RASOOLI means messenger of or the envoy of.
Allahi: Allah
Wala: nor
Yarghaboo: prefer
Note: the root is R-Ghain-B and it means desiring an entity or preference. YATGHABOO is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means the action of desiring or preferring is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural).
Bianfusihim: themselves/ by themselves
Note: BI signifies an attachment or close linkage between what is before and what is after it. In a Verbal sentence it can mean attachment to the action or to the subject as it does the action. This attachment can then signify many things according to the verb and to the sentence and so on. In this case it mainly gives an object to the previous verb and make a stronger connection. ANFUSI is derived from the root the root N-F-S and it means to breath but is extended to mean self since the self-breathes and that defines her existence. ANFUSI is a noun that is derived from this root and it means Selves of. HIM means them.

AAan: from/ away from
Nafsihi: his self/ himself
Note: the root is N-F-S and it means to breath but is extended to mean self since the self-breathes and that defines her existence. NAFSI is a noun that is derived from this root and it means Self of. HI means him.

Thalika: that
Biannahum: by they
La: not
Yuseebuhum: hit them/ touch them
Note: YUSEEBUHUM is derived from the root Sad-W-B and it means in one of the concrete usages the rain falling on a place. This word is then used to mean hitting the target correctly or being correct, because the rain is correct in hitting it’s target. YUSEEBUHUM is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action targeting and hitting the object (HUM=them) is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person singular or plural).

Thamaon: thirst
Note: the root is THA-M-Hamza and it means third. TAHAON means thirst
Wala: nor
Nasabun: exhaustion/ hardship
Note: The root is N-Sad-B and it means something elevated that it can be seen. It then can take many other meanings as in pursuit of something elevated, uphill or difficult and tiring effort and a worshipped stature since it is usually elevated or pursued. In this context, NASAB is exhaustion or tiredness.
Wala: nor
Makhmasatun: hunger/ Starvation
Note: the root is KH-M-Sad and it means hunger or empty stomach or scaphoid abdomen because of lack of food. Conceptually it points to hunger and even to starvation. MAKHMASATUN is hunger or starvation.

Fee: in
Sabeeli: path of
Note: the root is S-B-L and it means and it means flowing water from the falling rain from the sky to the flowing water in the river and so forth. This is the concrete and the other uses are related as in path, which allows the flow, to soft flowing hair and so forth. SABEELI is the flowing water or the path of. It takes the meaning of path or even the trip on the path.
Allahi: Allah

Wala: nor
Yataoona: Do they step on/ they gain
Note: the root is W-TTa-Hamza and it means stepping on something. YATAOONA is an action that is happening or will be happening. It means: the action of stepping on the object (MAWTIAN= stepping area) is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural).
Mawtian: stepping area/ territory
Note: the root is W-TTa-Hamza and it means stepping on something. MAWTIAN is a stepping area and in this context it points to gain of territory.
Yagheethu: angers/ irritates/ frustrates
Note: the root is GHain-Y-THA and it means the boiling water or extreme heat in one of it’s concrete meanings. This is then taken conceptually to mean heat of emotion which is a mix of anger, jealousy and despair or whatever makes the person or group unsettled. YAGHEETHU is an action that is happening or will be happening. It means the action of frustrating/ angering/ irritating the object (Alkuffara= the rejectors) is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person singular or plural).

Alkuffara: the rejectors
Note: The root is K-F-R and it means cover or bury in the ground, as in put the seed in the ground and cover it. This is then used conceptually for many purposes as in discarding and rejecting as well as burying. ALKUFFARA are the rejectors or non believers.
Wala: nor
Yanaloona: they gain/ they possess/ they take hold of/ they wrest control
Note: the root is N-Y-L and it means taking or reaching as a concept. One of the concrete words is Neel and it is the river of Egypt, because it makes the water reach Egypt. YANALOONA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of reaching or taking the object (NAYLAN= posssession) is being completed or will be completed by the subject (third person plural)
Min: from
AAaduwwin: an enemy
Note: the root is Ain-D-W and it means running or overstepping boundaries since the running is a form of overstepping a boundary. Conceptually, it is also used to point to animosity since animosity stems from overstepping boundaries or enemies overstep boundaries of each other. AAaduwwin means enemy/ transgressor.

Naylan: a possession
Note: the root is N-Y-L and it means taking or reaching as a concept. One of the concrete words is Neel and it is the river of Egypt, because it makes the water reach Egypt. NAYLAN means a gain or a possession
Illa: except/ if not

Kutiba: written/ decreed
Note: the root is K-T-B and it means putting together of things or beings and so forth. It is understood as writing because writing is the putting together of letters, words and ideas. KUTIBA is an action that is completed. It means: writing happened by an undeclared subject. Writing can take one of two meanings: one is decree and the other is the meaning of pre-knowledge/documentation but not necessarily a decree or it can be both. In this context, it is taking the meaning of decree.

Lahum: to them/ for them
Bihi: by it/ by him/ through him
Note: BI signifies an attachment or close linkage between what is before and what is after it. In a Verbal sentence it can mean attachment to the action or to the subject as it does the action. This attachment can then signify many things according to the verb and to the sentence and so on. HI means Him or it and it points to the previously mentioned situations.

AAamalun: an act/ an action
Note: the root is Ain-M-L and it means doing or work. AAaMALUN means doing or work or act.

Salihun: beneficent/ righteous
Note: SALIHUN is derived from the root Sad-L-Ha and it means becoming helpful or useful in a good direction. This means mainly: becoming one of benefit as in benefiting oneself and others. Included in this meaning is becoming fixed after having been broken. SALIHUN is good/righteous and beneficial.

Inna: indeed
Allaha: Allah
La: not
yudeeAAu: squander/ lose track/ waste
Note: the root is Dhad-Y-Ain and it means in concrete profession and type of work especially farming. DHAYAAA means a farming village. It also means the spending of resources in a wrong fashion as in wasting or squandering them. This is then used conceptually to mean making lost or null, or simply spending wrongly. YUDeeAAu is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of making lost or spending wrongly of the object (AJR= compensation of) is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person singular pointing to God).

Ajra: compensation for work of
Note: the root is Hamza-J-R and it means compensation for work done. AJRA means compensation for work of
Almuhsineena: the propagators of good/ the do gooders
Note: the root is root Ha-S-N and it means beauty and goodness in all the aspects of beauty and goodness. ALMUHSINEEN are the ones that bring about goodness and beauty.

Salaam all and have a great day.

Hussein