9:90
وَجَاء الْمُعَذِّرُونَ مِنَ الأَعْرَابِ لِيُؤْذَنَ لَهُمْ وَقَعَدَ الَّذِينَ كَذَبُواْ اللّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ سَيُصِيبُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
Wajaa almuAAaththiroona mina alaAArabi liyuthana lahum waqaAAada allatheena kathaboo Allaha warasoolahu sayuseebu allatheena kafaroo minhum AAathabun aleemun
And the searchers of excuse among the nomadic Arabs arrived in order to be excused, while sat tight the ones who were untruthful to Allah and his messenger. Those among them that rejected will be hit by painful suffering.
The Aya talks about two categories of people. One that aims for excuse for lagging behind and another that did not even bother to do so, but they were given the designation of being untruthful to Allah and his messenger. The answer to them both is that Allah will punish those who are rejecters amongst them.
Translation of the transliterated words:
Wajaa: and came
Note: Wa here is for starting a sentence. JAA is derived from the root J-Y-Hamza and it means coming. One concrete word that is derived from this word is the pool where the rain water comes. JAA is an action that is completed and that is derived from the root. It means that the action of coming happened by the subject (third person singular or pluaral pointing to ALMuAAaTHTHIROON= the excusing)
almuAAaththiroona: the ones aiming for excuse/ the searching for excuse
Note: the root is Ain-TH-R and it means: excusing or bring a reasonable excuse for an action or inaction. ALMuAAaTHTHIROONA are the ones who aim to find an excuse rightfully or wrongfully.
Mina: of/ from
alaAArabi: the nomadic arabs
Note: the root is Ain-R-B and it is the name of the Arabs and they are defined as the people whose mother tongue is Arabic or who lived and assimilated in the Arab lands. ALaAARAB are the nomadic arabs.
Liyuthana: in order to be permitted/ in order to be excused
Note: LI means to or in order to. YUTHANA is derived from the root Hamza-TH-N and it means ear in concrete. It also means hearing, knowing and approving at the same time and may be extended to acting according to that knowledge. YUTHANA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the giving of permission for the object (LAHUM= for them) is being sought from an undeclared subject.
waqaAAada: and sat/ and remained/ while remained
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. In here it can also carry the meaning of contrasting with other. QaAAaDA is derived from the root Qaf-Ain-D and it means sitting. Conceptually, it carries the meaning of staying in place and not moving/act or not wanting to move or act in addition to sitting or positioning. In this context it carries the meaning of sitting and waiting and watching and staying put. QaAAaDA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of sitting and remaining and staying put happened by the subject (third person plural).
Allatheena: those who
Kathaboo: they lied/ they were untruthful to
Note: the root is K-TH-B and it means a untrue. Conceptually, it can be extended at times to mean a lie, although the core of the meaning is untruth, whether it is a lie or not, conscious or not. KATHABOO is completed. It means: the action of lying or saying untruths happened by the subject (third person plural) to the object (Allah and His messenger)
Allaha: Allah
warasoolahu: and his messenger/ and His envoy
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. RASOOLIHI is derived from the root R-S-L and it means to envoy someone or a group of people or animals. The concrete word is RASL and it means a group of people or animals that were sent by their owners or senders. RUSULUN means messengers of and is the plural of RASOOL who is the one that is sent and is used to mean the messenger because he was sent by the sender to the receiver. RASOOLA means messenger of or the envoy of. HU means him and it points to Allah.
Sayuseebu: will hit/ will afflict
Note: SAYUSEEBU is derived from the root Sad-W-B and it means in one of the concrete usages the rain falling on a place. This word is then used to mean hitting the target correctly or being correct, because the rain is correct in hitting it’s target. SAYUSEEBU is an action that is going to happen. It means: the action of targeting and hitting the object (Allatheena Kafaroo= those who rejected) will happen by the subject (third person singular or plural).
Kafaroo: rejected (Allah and His message)/ discarded
Note: the root is K-F-R and it means cover or bury in the ground, as in put the seed in the ground and cover it. This is then used conceptually for many purposes as in discarding and rejecting as well as burying. KAFARO is an action that is completed. It means: the action of rejection or discarding of the object (not declared, but understood from the context to point to God and/or the message) happened by the subject (third person plural).
Minhum: of them / amongst them
AAathabun : suffering/ punishment
Note: AAaTHAB is derived from the root Ain-TH-B and it means an easy to swallow food or drink. AAaTHAB is what makes one not take an easy to swallow food or drink. That is suffering as a punishment.
aleemun: painful
Note: the root is Hamza-L-M and it means pain. ALEEMUN means painful.
Hussein
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