9:101

Salaam all

9:101
وَمِمَّنْ حَوْلَكُم مِّنَ الأَعْرَابِ مُنَافِقُونَ وَمِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ مَرَدُواْ عَلَى النِّفَاقِ لاَ تَعْلَمُهُمْ نَحْنُ نَعْلَمُهُمْ سَنُعَذِّبُهُم مَّرَّتَيْنِ ثُمَّ يُرَدُّونَ إِلَى عَذَابٍ عَظِيم
Wamimman hawlakum mina alaAArabi munafiqoona wamin ahli almadeenati maradoo AAala alnnifaqi la taAAlamuhum nahnu naAAlamuhum sanuAAaththibuhum marratayni thumma yuraddoona ila AAathabin AAatheemin

The Aya says:
And of those around you of the nomadic Arabs inauthentic people and of the people of Medina. They were molded upon inauthenticity. You (singular pointing to Muhammad) do not know them. We do know them. We will punish them twice then they will be returned to a great suffering.

My personal note:
I have translated Munafiq and so on of the derivatives of N-F-Qaf as inauthentic and that is a new of translating that word but it fits better than my previous other options to the conceptual meaning.

I also translated Medina as Medina. The word means the city or town. This meaning applies but the word can also be used to point to the Medina of the prophet and that became later known as Medina.

This Aya emphasizes that the prophet did not know those inauthentic people or did not know them all. In a sense, it makes a case not to look for inauthentic people and not to have an inquisition of the inner beliefs of people.

Translation of the transliterated words:
Wamimman: and of who/ and from who
Hawlakum: around you (plural)/ surround you (plural)
Note: the root is Ha-W-L and it means cycle or circle. This means anything that goes in circles of time of space or other wise. HAWLA means surround or around of. KUM means plural you
Mina: of
alaAArabi : the nomadic Arabs
Note: the root is r-jB and it is the name of the Arabs and they are defined as the people whose mother tongue is Arabic or who lived and assimilated in the Arab lands. ALaAARAB are the nomadic arabs.

Munafiqoona: people of hidden intentions/ people with contradicting inner thoughts/ inauthentic people
Note: is derived from the root N-F-Qaf. To explain it I use another derivative NAFAQ which means Tunnel. The tunnel is connection underground from one place to another. Therefore the essence of the word Tunnel is to “let Good/Useful things go to others under cover”. MUNAFIQOON are people with something hiding different from the apparent. They are people who say they are muslim but in reality or deep in their hearts they are not. General the term hypocrites is given to them or people with hidden agenda.

Wamin: and of/ from
Ahli: people of
Note: AHLI is derived from the root Hamza-H-L and one concrete meaning of the word is the fat that surrounds the back of the animal. It is used conceptually to mean family or any of the people that are closely associated with the entity being discussed. This could be because they are like the fat as in they engulf and protect and so forth and gain protection at the same time. AHLA means people of or family of.
Almadeenati: the city/ Medina
Note: There is a difference in opinion whether the root is D-Y-N and it means debt or law or religion. What groups them together is the concept of obligation, since religion is the obligation of man towards God. DEENI is obligation of or religion of, with religion being the obligation of man towards God. In this kind of context MADINA means a city and town where there is central authority or something like that. The other root is M-D-N and it means settled place. MADINA becomes any place where people settle and are not nomads. Whatever the origin it points to settled place and also a place under some kind of command and order and so on. In this context it points to the city where the prophet is living and having authority as in established state.
Maradoo: they were shaped/ they adapted
Note: the root is M-R-D and it means in concrete when an entity is massaged and stretched sometimes beyond it’s limits and others appropriately. One use of the word is for the young man who has not yet had his beard grow or whose beard was delayed. Conceptually, it is used for any form of stretching of entities and is understood according to the context. In this context, it is used to point to an entity that manipulates the truth and tries to reshape it as a form of rebellion or sneakiness. MARADOO is an action that is completed. It means: the action of becoming shaped and form or rebelled already happened to the subject (third person plural)
AAala: on/ in
Alnnifaqi: the inauthenticity/ the hypocrisy
Note: the root is root N-F-Qaf. To explain it I use another derivative NAFAQ which means Tunnel. The tunnel is connection underground from one place to another. Therefore the essence of the word Tunnel is to “let Good/Useful things go to others under cover”. ALNNIFAQ is the process and I would explain here with inauthenticity.
La: not
taAAlamuhum: you (second person singular) know them/ know them for fact
Note: the root is Ain-L-M and it means knowing or knowledge. TaAALAMUHUM is the third person plural present or future tense of a verb that is derived from the root. TaAALAMUHUM is an action that is happening or will be happening. It means: the action of knowing or knowing for fact the object (hum= third person plural) is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person singular). Because it was preceded by the negation LA then LA TaAALAMUHUM means: you do not know them.

Nahnu: We
naAAlamuhum: know them/ know them for fact
Note: the root is Ain-L-M and it means knowing or knowledge. NaAALAMUHUM is the third person plural present or future tense of a verb that is derived from the root. NaAALAMUHUM is an action that is happening or will be happening. It means: the action of knowing or knowing for fact the object (hum= third person plural) is happening or will be happening by the subject (first person plural). The WE here can point to Allah pointing to HIMSELF with the royal WE, or ALLAH and whoever He gave this knowledge to (angels, specific humans and so on)

sanuAAaththibuhum: We will make them suffer/ we will punish
Note: SANuAAaTHTHIBHUM is derived from the root Ain-TH-B and it means an easy to swallow food or drink. AAaTHAB is what makes one not take an easy to swallow food or drink. SANuAAaTHTHIB is an action that will be completed in the future. It means: The action of making the object (HUM= them) will be happening by the subject (first person plural)

Marratayni: two times/ two occasions
Note: MARRATAYNI is derived from the root M-R-R and it means passing or passage. Some of the concrete words from this root mean bitter plants or just bitter. The relationship between bitter and passing is the fact that the sheep and goats of the Bedouin herders probably passed those plants rather than sticking to them to eat them. MARRATAYNI means two passes/ occasions/ times
Thumma: then/ then later
yuraddoona: they will be returned/ they are returned
Note: the root is R-D-D and it means: making an entity return to a point of beginning. This is the general conceptual meaning and it takes meanings of repelling or other forms of “making return” that are dictated by the context of the text. YURADDOONA is an action that is happening or will be happening. The context points to the future here. It means: the action of being returned is happening to the object (third person plural) will be happening through an undeclared subject.

Ila: towards/ to
AAathabin: suffering/ punishment
AAaTHAB is derived from the root Ain-TH-B and it means an easy to swallow food or drink. AAaTHAB is what makes one not take an easy to swallow food or drink. That is suffering.
AAatheemin: Great
Note: the root is Ain-TH-M and it means great/hard/strong. The concrete word is AAaTHM and that is the bones or the hard/strong/firm core of things. AAaTHEEM means great.

Salaam all and have a great day

Hussein