9:114

Salaam all

9:114
وَمَا كَانَ اسْتِغْفَارُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لِأَبِيهِ إِلاَّ عَن مَّوْعِدَةٍ وَعَدَهَا إِيَّاهُ فَلَمَّا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ أَنَّهُ عَدُوٌّ لِلّهِ تَبَرَّأَ مِنْهُ إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لأوَّاهٌ حَلِيمٌ
Wama kana istighfaru ibraheema liabeehi illa AAan mawAAidatin waAAadaha iyyahu falamma tabayyana lahu annahu AAaduwwun lillahi tabarraa minhu inna ibraheema laawwahun haleemun

The Aya says:
And Abrahams plea for his father's forgiveness was not done except upon a promise (his father) promised. So, when he realized that he (his father) was an enemy of Allah, he dissociated from him. Indeed, Abraham is caring, patiently forgiving.

My personal note:
The Aya mainly explains that Abraham did ask for forgiveness for his father until he realized that his father is an enemy of Allah and then he abandoned the prayer for forgiveness. The Aya then describes Abraham in the positive attributes of caring for others and hurting for their hurt as well as being patient and forgiving at the same time.

Translation of the transliterated words:
Wama: and not
Kana: was/ happened to be
Note: KANA is derived from the root K-W-N and it means being. KANA is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means: the action of being happened by the subject (third personal singular). WAMA KANA gets the meaning: it was not

Istighfaru: asking forgiveness/ asking protective cover
Note: the root is GH-F-R or Ghain-F-R and it means covering for protection. The concrete word is the helmet of the fighter. In the Qur’an the usual context is protection from the consequences of poor actions or sins. ISTIGHFARU is the act of asking for forgiveness or protective cover.
Ibraheema: Abraham
Note: Abraham as the patriarch of prophets peace be upon him.
Liabeehi: for his father
Illa: except/ if not
AAan: about
mawAAidatin: a promise
Note: the root is W-Ain-D and it means promise. MAWAAiDATAN means: promise

waAAadaha: He promised it
Note: the root is W-Ain-D and it means promise. WaAAaDA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of promising happened by the subject (third person singular pointing to Abraham’s father) of the object (Ha=it)

Iyyahu: to him (Abraham)
Falamma: so when
tabayyana: became clear
Note: the root is B-Y-N and it means in concrete between. The action of the verb is betweening. This betweening can mean clarifying because one can know better the difference between two things. It also can mean distancing because the betweening makes things become apart. TABAYYANA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of becoming clear or self-evident happened or revealing itself to the subject (lahu= to him, Abraham)

Lahu: to Him (Abraham)
Annahu: that he (his father)
AAaDUWWUN: enemy
Note: the root is Ain-D-W and it means running or overstepping boundaries since the running is a form of overstepping a boundary. Conceptually, it is also used to point to animosity since animosity stems from overstepping boundaries or enemies overstep boundaries of each other. AAaduwwun means enemy/ transgressor.

Lillahi: to Allah/ against Allah
Tabarraa: he (Abraham) dissociated/ cut his ties
Note: the root is B-R-Hamza and it means dissociation from an entity. This takes many meanings according to the situation. One of them is cure from disease because it is dissociation from disease, another is creation of a living thing out of a dead thing and that is dissociation from the state of death and any other type of dissociation in between. TABARRAA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of dissociation or cutting ties happened by the subject (third person singular pointing to Abraham)
Minhu: from him (his father)
Inna: indeed
Ibraheema: Abraham
Laawwahun: indeed caring
Note: LA here is for emphasis. AWWAHUN is derived from Hamza-w-h and it is the expression for pain or hurt. Conceptually it is used when expressing pain or worry about someone going through a hard time and so on. I translated here as caring and it is mixed with worry about the well-being of others.
Haleemun: forgiving/ patiently forgiving.
Note: the root is HA-L-M and it is a root used for the nipple but also for dreams and also for the time when night emissions occur and therefore announcing puberty and maturity. Conceptually the term is used for someone who is forbearing and not easily disturbed by the actions of others, perhaps very much like the breast-feeding mother and any mature person. It is used when someone combines patience with forgiveness often.

Salaam all and have a great day

Hussein