9: 71
وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتُ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاء بَعْضٍ يَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنكَرِ وَيُقِيمُونَ الصَّلاَةَ وَيُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ وَيُطِيعُونَ اللّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ أُوْلَـئِكَ سَيَرْحَمُهُمُ اللّهُ إِنَّ اللّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ
Waalmuminoona waalmuminatu baAAduhum awliyao baAAdin yamuroona bialmaAAroofi wayanhawna AAani almunkari wayuqeemoona alssalata wayutoona alzzakata wayuteeAAoona Allaha warasoolahu olaika sayarhamuhumu Allahu inna Allaha AAazeezun hakeemun
And the faithful, men and women, some of them are guardians/proteges of some. They encourage by the licit and discourage away from the illicit and they keep upright the ritual prayer and make come the obligatory sharing and they readily obey Allah and His messenger. Those, Allah will Grace them. Indeed, Allah is dominantly strong, wise.
The Aya brings about the most important points related to the faithful men and women. I used licit for the Maarouf which I used “licit” to translate as recognized as good and “illicit” for munkar which is the opposite. One reason is the two words are exact opposite and licit and illicit may carry the meaning better. I also changed my usual way of translating YAMUROON from ordering to encouraging and yanhawna to discouraging. This is because they have no mandate but the encouragement and discouragement in a sense unless they are within a governing body that can have that mandate.
Waalmuminoona: and the male faithful/ the faithful/ while the faithul
Note: WA here is for initiation of the sentence here or for contrasting with the previous sentence. ALMUMINOONA is derived from the root Hamza-M-N and it means safety. Conceptually, it can also be extended to trust as well, because we feel safe in the entity we trust. ALMUMINOONA means: those who cause safety and trust to themselves and others in short the faithful.
Waalmuminatu: and the female faithful/ including the female faithful
Note: WA here is for either contrasting with the previous word or for emphasizing inclusion. ALMUMINATU is derived from the root Hamza-M-N and it means safety. Conceptually, it can also be extended to trust as well, because we feel safe in the entity we trust. ALMUMINATU means: those who cause safety and trust to themselves and others in short the faithful. It is a feminine plural word.
baAAdahum: some of them
Note: the root is B-Ain-Dhad and it means part of the whole. BaAADA means part of or some of. HUM means them
Awliyao: guardians and proteges/ leaders and followers
Note: the root is W-L-Y and it means direction or following direction with some guarantee. It comes close to guardianship. AWLIYAO is either the one who is a guardian or the one who receives guardianship/ protection of another or both. In this context, both can apply because some are guardians and protectors and others are protected and followers. It can also take the meaning of leaders and followers which is related to the other.
Note: the root is B-Ain-Dhad and it means part of the whole. BaAADIN means part or some.
Yamuroona: they order/ they enjoin
Note: the root is Hamza-M-R and it means ordering something and the implementation of it. YAMUROONA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of ordering or enjoining to do the object (BIALMUNKARI= by the bad/ unrecognized as good) is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural).
bialmaAAroofi: by the goodness/ the licit
Note: BI signifies an attachment or close linkage between what is before and what is after it. In a Verbal sentence it can mean attachment to the action or to the subject as it does the action. This attachment can then signify many things according to the verb and to the sentence and so on. ALMAROOFI is derived from the root Ain-R-F and it means the elevated place that will be known or recognized from a distance. MaAAROOF is what is recognized. This is also used to mean what is good or recognized as being good or appropriate
Wayanhawna: and they prevent/ they stop/ they cease
Note: WA is for contrast here. YANHAWNA is derived from the root N-H-Y and it means stopping or ending or desisting. This then takes different form according to the plane of thought of the sentence. YANHAWNA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of ordering or making oneself to cease and desist is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural).
AAani: from/ out of
Almunkari: the bad/ the unrecognizable as good/ the objectionable
Note: ALMUNKARI is derived from the root N-K-R and it means no recognition. This is the concept and it takes several meanings according to the context. They can mean not recognized as unknown. It can also mean not recognized as being good or acceptable and so forth. This is what the context here dictates. MUNKAR is the unrecognized as being good or acceptable and I used objectionable.
Wayuqeemoona: and they keep upright
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. YUQEEMOONA is derived from the root is derived from the root Qaf-W-M and it means standing upright or standing. The upright can be in all planes of position and for a horizontal dimension it means straight. YUQEEMOONA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of establishing or keeping upright or maintaining is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural)
Note: the root is Sad-L-Y and it means two main things in concrete. One is the lower back area and this one is used for one who is racing towards a goal and the head is close to the lower back of the one who is ahead. It is also used in concrete to mean heat and warmth and fire. The word is used for prayer as well. In this context, ALSSALATA is the ritual prayer.
Wayutoona: and they bring about
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. YUTOONA is derived from the root Hamza-T-Y and it means coming with determination. The concrete word is for the water that flows in a place where it did not rain, therefore suggesting that the water came from somewhere else. YUTOONA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of bringing about the object (ALZZAKATA = the fruition/ the sharing) is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural)
Alzzakata: the fruition/ the nurture/ the obligatory sharing
Note: the root is Z-K-W and it means maturing/growing. In the concrete it means bringing about fruit. ALZZAKATA is what makes things bear fruit and nurture. In general the term takes the role of obligatory charity and it can be extrended to any form of sharing that helps the community thrive and prosper and be nurtured.
wayuteeAAoona: and they obey/ and they readily obey
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. YUTeeAAOONA is derived from the root TTa-W-Ain and it means willing compliance or obeying willingly. YUTeeAAooNA is an action that is happening or will be happening. It means: the action of obeying willingly or comply willingly, is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural).
Warasoolahu: and His messenger/ His envoy
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. RASOOLAHU is derived from the root R-S-L and it means to envoy someone or a group of people or animals. The concrete word is RASL and it means a group of people or animals that were sent by their owners or senders. RUSULUN means messengers of and is the plural of RASOOL who is the one that is sent and is used to mean the messenger because he was sent by the sender to the receiver. RASOOLA means envoy or messenger of. HU means him and points to Allah
Olaika: those
Sayarhamuhumu: He Will grace them/ He will have mercy on them
Note: the root is R-Ha-M and it means womb in concrete. This term is used to mean mercy and all the good that the womb provides. SAYARHAMHUMU is an action that is going to happen. It means: the action of gracing the object or having mercy on the object (HUMU= them) is going to happen by the subject (third person singular)
Allahu: Allah
Inna: indeed
Allaha: Allah
AAazeezun: Dominantly strong/ dominant
Note: the root is Ain-Z-Z and it means the hard earth that will not yield under the rain and therefore, will make the rain water flow rather than seep or cause the earth to erode. It is used for entities that are strong and defeat pressure, basically the combination of strength and dominance.
Note: the root Ha-K-M and it means the steer that steers the animal. This word is used for ruling and judging as well as other meanings that contain steering as part of the concept. HAKEEM means wise or the steering. The steering means the entity that steers in the best way
Hussein
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