9:30

Salaam all

9:30
وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ عُزَيْرٌ ابْنُ اللّهِ وَقَالَتْ النَّصَارَى الْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ اللّهِ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُم بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ يُضَاهِؤُونَ قَوْلَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِن قَبْلُ قَاتَلَهُمُ اللّهُ أَنَّى يُؤْفَكُونَ
Waqalati alyahoodu AAuzayrun ibnu Allahi waqalati alnnasara almaseehu ibnu Allahi thalika qawluhum biafwahihim yudahioona qawla allatheena kafaroo min qablu qatalahumu Allahu anna yufakoona

The Aya says:
And a known group of the Jews said: Ezra is the son of Allah, and the known group of the Christians said: the messiah is the son of God. This is their saying with their mouths. They resemble the saying of the rejecters from before. May Allah defeat them how they flip.

My personal note:
I translated the ALYAHOOD as “a known group” which is different from the more common translations of “The Jews”. This is because the AL, which is often translated as “the” is more of a pointer to a known group rather than a generalization of the whole group. So, the Aya is not pointing to all the Jewish people but to a particular group that said so. This is also the understanding of the books of Commentary as Tabari where he points out that it was one person or a small group of people who said this kind of saying. I did the same meaning for the Christians although it is certainly a minority that claims that Jesus is not the son of God. The point here is that such sayings are equal to or things that were adopted from the believers of other religions and of polytheists and opposite to the true monotheism which those two groups are supposed to adhere to and is more reflective of their true and original religious teachings. It is also a big warning for Muslims not to fall into the same error at one point in the future.

The term QATALAHUM ALLAH is a form of idiomatic curse in a sense that means : “may Allah defeat them or cause them to be on the opposite of his side” and so on.

Translation of the transliterated words:

Waqalati: and said/ and claimed
Note: WA here is to start a sentence. QALATI is derived from the root Qaf-W-L and it means saying in any way possible. QALATI is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means the action of saying happened by the subject (third person plural). This, in turn means: He said or responded or communicated.

Alyahoodu: the Jews/ an identifiable Jewish group
Note: AL is often translated as the but it suggests that the speaker and the addressed know who is particularly spoken about of a bigger issue or group or people. YAHOODU means Jews. It is derived from the root H-W-D and it means repentance and return to God. It is used mainly to point to Judaism, often specifically.
AAuzayrun: Ozair/ Ezra
Ibnu: son of
Allahi: Allah
Waqalati: and said/ and claimed
Note: WA here is to start a sentence. QALATI is derived from the root Qaf-W-L and it means saying in any way possible. QALATI is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means the action of saying happened by the subject (third person plural). This, in turn means: He said or responded or communicated.
Alnnasara: the Christians/ an identifiable Christian group
Note: the root N-Sad-R and it means aid or help at a time of need. NASARA means: supporters or helpers at the time of need. It is a term that is used for Christians in the Qur’an because they were the ones who supported and aided Jesus (pbuh)
Almaseehu: the Messiah/ the anointed one/ the scrubbed one
Note: the root is M-S-Ha and it means swipe one surface opposite another or rub. It could also mean anoint. ALMASEEHU means the Messiah or the anointed one or rubbed one.
Ibnu: son of
Allahi: Allah
Thalika: that
Qawluhum: their statement/ their saying
Note: QAWLU is derived from the root Qaf-W-L and it means saying or communicating. QAWLU means: saying or communicating of. HUM means them.

Biafwahihim: by their mouths/ with their mouths
Note: BI signifies an attachment or close linkage between what is before and what is after it. In a Verbal sentence it can mean attachment to the action or to the subject as it does the action. This attachment can then signify many things according to the verb and to the sentence and so on. AFWAHIHIM is derived from the root F-W and it means mouth. AFWAHIHIM means their mouths.
Yudahioona: they say similar/ they liken/ they say equal to/ they imitate/ they resemble
Note: the root is Dhad-H-Hamza and it means to be alike. YUDAHIOONA is an action that is happening or will be happening. It means: the action of likening to the object (QAWLA- saying of) is happening in an interactive way by the subject (third person plural).
Qawla: saying of/ statements of/ declarations of
Note: QAWLA is derived from the root Qaf-W-L and it means saying or communicating. QAWLA means: saying or communicating of.

Allatheena: those who
Kafaroo: rejected (Allah and His message)/ discarded
Note: the root is K-F-R and it means cover or bury in the ground, as in put the seed in the ground and cover it. This is then used conceptually for many purposes as in discarding and rejecting as well as burying. KAFARO is an action that is completed. It means: the action of rejection or discarding of the object (not declared, but understood from the context to point to God and/or the message) happened by the subject (third person plural).
Min: from
qablu: before you (singular)
Note: the root Qaf-B-L and it means front. This is then carried in time or space or any plain of thought. If it is in time, then front means before, while place would be in front. It is used to mean acceptance and reception since we receive and accept using our fronts. QABLU here is front in time and that is before.
Qatalahumu: May Allah fight them
Note: QATALA is derived from the root Qaf-T-L and it means killing or actions that potentially can lead to death including injury and others. QATALA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of fighting the object (HUM= them) happened by the subject (third person singular pointing to Allah). However this is an idiom of that may point to a curse or some sort of it lack of blessing and putting them as opposing Allah in a dispute.
Allahu: Allah
Anna: How come? / as much as
yufakoona: they get drifted/ get misplaced/get mislead/ get flipped
Note: the root is Hamza-F-K and it means when an entity misses a target or gets misplaced. In concrete it is given to the land that the rain skips and anything out of place. It is also used for the land that is turned upside down by a disaster or wind or otherwise. Conceptually, it takes many meanings depending on the context and those include turning away from the truth as well as saying untruth. In this one it points to drifting from the truth and misplacing it and so on. YUFAKOONA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of becoming drifted or misplaced from the truth happened to the object (third person plural) by an undeclared subject.

Salaam all and have a great day

Hussein

9:29

Salaam all,

9:29
قَاتِلُواْ الَّذِينَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللّهِ وَلاَ بِالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ وَلاَ يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَلاَ يَدِينُونَ دِينَ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ الْكِتَابَ حَتَّى يُعْطُواْ الْجِزْيَةَ عَن يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ
Qatiloo allatheena la yuminoona biAllahi wala bialyawmi alakhiri wala yuharrimoona maharrama Allahu warasooluhu wala yadeenoona deena alhaqqi mina allatheena ootoo alkitaba hatta yuAAtoo aljizyata AAan yadin wahum saghiroona

The Aya syas:
Fight those who have no faith in Allah and the coming day nor do they make forbidden what Allah and His messenger made forbidden nor do they abide by the binding accountability of the people of the book until they give the compensation from hand while they are humble.

My personal note:
This Aya came when there was some troops gathering of the byzantines in northern Arabia and what is now southern Jordan with the understanding that they were planning to attack the Muslims of Arabia and so the Prophet upon him be peace ordered for an army to be prepared to fight them and he marched north and took northern Arabia up to Aqaba in southern Jordan without a fight. It declares that it is ok to fight the people of the book who do not abide by the above mentioned rules. However, the Aya also says that Muslims will not fight them if they offer to pay the special tax called Jizya which I translated as compensation.

The concept of Jizya allows any group of any religion to keep adhering to laws of their own religion even if contradictory to Islamic law as long as they maintain a non aggression treaty and humility towards the Muslims and pay that tax and then the state is supposed to protect them, their places of worship, their laws and their dignity. It is a form of religious autonomy including in laws within the state. Examples of those laws are the manufacture and consumption of Alcohol and so on and so forth.

Translation of the transliterated words:

Qatiloo: fight
Note: QATILOO is derived from the root Qaf-T-L and it means killing or actions that potentially can lead to death including injury and others. QATILOO is an order addressed to a group. It means fight.

Allatheena: those who
la yuminoona: Have no faith/ do not trust/ have no safety
Note: LA is for negation of what comes next. YUMINOONA is derived from the root Hamza-M-N and it means safety. Conceptually, it can also be extended to trust as well, because we feel safe in the entity we trust. YUMINOONA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of making oneself safe is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person singular). LA YUMINOONA means have no faith/ do not trust/ have no safety
biAllahi: by Allah/ in Allah
Note: BI signifies an attachment or close linkage between what is before and what is after it. In a Verbal sentence it can mean attachment to the action or to the subject as it does the action. This attachment can then signify many things according to the verb and to the sentence and so on. ALLAH is Allah
Wala: nor
bialyawmi : in the day of
Note: BI signifies an attachment or close linkage between what is before and what is after it. In a Verbal sentence it can mean attachment to the action or to the subject as it does the action. This attachment can then signify many things according to the verb and to the sentence and so on. ALYAWMI is derived from the root Y-W-M and it means day. ALYAWMI means the day of.

Alakhiri: the later/ the remaining
Note: ALAKHIRI is derived from the root Hamza-KH-R and it means remaining. ALAKHIRI means the remaining or the later. This ALYAMWMI ALAKHIRI, in turn means the later day or the day of judgment.
Wala: nor
Yuharrimoona: do they make forbidden
Note: the root is Ha-R-M and it means “forbidding and forbidden to violate”. YUHARRIMOONA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of making forbidden the object (MA=what) is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural).
Ma: what
Harrama: forbade/ made forbidden
Note: the root is Ha-R-M and it means “forbidding and forbidden to violate”. HARRAMA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of forbidding or making forbidden the object (Ma= what) happened by the subject (third person singular or plural)
Allahu: Allah
warasooluhu: and his messenger/ and His envoy
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA is often translated as an addition (and), but inclusion probably covers the meaning a little better. RASOOLIHI is derived from the root R-S-L and it means to envoy someone or a group of people or animals. The concrete word is RASL and it means a group of people or animals that were sent by their owners or senders. RUSULUN means messengers of and is the plural of RASOOL who is the one that is sent and is used to mean the messenger because he was sent by the sender to the receiver. RASOOLU means messenger of or the envoy of. HU means him and it points to Allah.

Wala: nor/ and not
Yadeenoona: hold them accountable/ follow
Note: the root is D-Y-N and it means debt or law or religion. What groups them together is the concept of obligation and accountability, since religion is the obligation of man towards God. YADEENOON is action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of making accountable the object (DENA ALHAQQI = the right accountability) is happening or will be happening by the subject (Third person plural).

Deena: religion of/ accountability of/ law of
Note: the root is D-Y-N and it means debt or law or religion. What groups them together is the concept of obligation and accountability, since religion is the obligation of man towards God. DEENA is obligation or religion, with religion being the obligation of man towards God.

Alhaqqi: the right/ the binding right
Note: the root is Ha-Qaf-Qaf and it means binding right where right means correct as well s what is due to one person (rights and obligations). ALHAQQI means the right or the binding right and so on.
Mina: of/ from
Allatheena: those who
Ootoo: they were given/ were brought
Note: the root is Hamza-T-Y and it means coming with determination. The concrete word is for the water that flows in a place where it did not rain, therefore suggesting that the water came from somewhere else. OOTOO is a completed action that is derived from the root. It means: the action of coming happened to the object (third person plural) by an undisclosed subject. It then means literally: they were brought/something was made to come to them.
Alkitaba: the book
Note: the root K-T-B and it means putting things together as in grouping the herd together or closing the lips or writing (the most common use), because in writing, one puts the letters and the ideas together. ALKITABA means, the process of writing or the book or anything related to it from the ideas to the ink and paper to the place where all is put together.
Hatta: until
yuAAtoo: they give/ they hand
note: the root is Ain-TTA-W and it means to grab something by hand. One concrete understanding of the term is when the goat or dear raises the front legs to reach the tree branches and eat leaves or nuts and so on. Conceptually, it is understood as giving and taking probably because of handing things from one person to another. YuAATOO is an action that is happening or will be happening. It means: the action of giving the object (Aljizyata= the compensation) is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural)
aljizyata: the compensation/ the tax/ the payback
Note: the root is J-Z-Y and it means compensation for action that can be good or bad. ALJIZYA means the compensation or the tax and payback and in this context it is an amount of money that is being paid by the non muslims in a muslim state to maintain their autonomy from abiding by Islamic laws.
AAan: from
Yadin: hand
Wahum: while they/ and they
Saghiroona: humbled
Note: the root is Sad-GHain-R and it means small or little in quality or quantity or any other feature that denotes littleness. This is the general meaning and becomes more specific according to the sentence. SAGHIROON are humbled ones or the ones who are diminuted in rank and stature and so on.

Salaam all and have a great day

Hussein

9:28

Salaam all,


9:28
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ إِنَّمَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ نَجَسٌ فَلاَ يَقْرَبُواْ الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ بَعْدَ عَامِهِمْ هَـذَا وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ عَيْلَةً فَسَوْفَ يُغْنِيكُمُ اللّهُ مِن فَضْلِهِ إِن شَاء إِنَّ اللّهَ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ
Ya ayyuha allatheena amanoo innama almushrikoona najasun fala yaqraboo almasjida alharama baAAda AAamihim hatha wain khiftum AAaylatan fasawfa yughneekumu Allahu min fadlihi in shaa inna Allaha AAaleemun hakeemun

The Aya says:
O you who are faithful, the polytheists are none other than ritually unclean, so they should not come near to the inviolable mosque after this year of theirs, and if you (plural) feared lacking in funds then Allah will supplement you from His bounty if/ when He wills. Indeed Allah is knowing, wise.

My personal note:
The Aya declares that the polytheists, because of being ritually unclean, will not be allowed near that Masjid of Mecca after that year. The Aya also reassures the Muslims not to fear for lacking in remittances because of that issue since Allah will provide them enough to compensate the loss of that income and even more. Certainly, until the oil boom, Mecca was the main source of income for a country like Saudi Arabia for centuries through people coming from all over the Muslim world.

In this is a reassurance not to fear lack of income because of abiding by the rules contained in the Qur'an for Allah is going to provide the person income that replaces any potential losses.

Translation of the transliterated words:

Ya ayyuha: O you
Allatheena: those who
Amanoo: made themselves safe/ attained faith
Note: the root is Hamza-M-N and it means safe or safety. AMANOO is an action that is derived from the root and that is completed. It means: the action of making the object (not mentioned and therefore the subject and the object can be the same entity here) become safe happened by the subject (third person plural). So, it ends up meaning: they made themselves safe.
Innama: none other than/ not anything but
almushrikoona: the ones who make partners (To Allah)/ the polytheists
Note: the root SH-R-K and it means partner or partnership and with this partnership is a measure of equality or being on par. ALMUSHRIKOONA are the ones who make partners to God in worship or in action and that includes the polytheists.
Najasun: dirty/ ritually unclean
Note: the root is N-J-S and means dirty or not clean and this can be physical or ritual. In here it is ritually unclean. NAJASUN means ritually unclean.
Fala: then not
Yaqraboo: they come near
Note: the root is Qaf-R-B and it means nearing or becoming near. YAQRABOO is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of coming near the object (Almasjid Alharam= the forbidden to violate mosque) is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural). Because it was preceded by fala, then it takes the meaning: then they should not come near.
Almasjida: the place of worship/ place of sujood/ mosque
Note: the root is S-J-D and in concrete it means in one concrete form: a tree that is tilting downward due to a heavy load of fruits. It therefore is used conceptually to mean tilting downward of the face or the body including prostration as well as showing any sign of submission to a higher power. The range of meaning all those meanings together and one needs to understand it as both unless there is a strong reason in the sentence or elsewhere in the Qur’an to make one meaning inappropriate or impossible. MASJID is the place and can also apply in addition to time of Sujood and that is prostration. The term is used for any place of worship and more particularly a mosque.

Alharama: the forbidden to violate
Note: the root is Ha-R-M and it means “forbidding and forbidden to violate”. ALHARAM means the forbidden to violate.
baAAda: after
AAamihim: their year
Note: the root is Ain-W-M and it means swimming or floating. It is also used to mean year or completed full cycle. AAMI means year of. HIM means them.
Hatha: this one
Wain: and if
Khiftum: you (plural) feared
Note: the root is KH-W-F and it means fear or worry. KHIFTUM is an action that is completed. It means: the action of fearing happened by the subject (second person plural).

AAaylatan: poverty/ lack of funds/ dependence on aid
Note: the root is Ain-Y-L and means poverty or dependence. One concrete use of the word are for kids or family who depend on support from their parents. AAaYLATAN means poverty/ lack of funds.
Fasawfa: then will
Yughneekumu: He enrich you (plural)/ He support you / supplement you
Note: YUGHNEE is derived from the root Ghain-N-Y and it means freedom from need in any of it’s forms. The word is used to mean rich, because the rich has less needs or no financial need or no need for assistance. YUGHNEE means the action of making the object (KUM= plural you) free of poverty and need is happening or will be happening by the subject (Allah).
Allahu: Allah
Min: from
Fadlihi: His bounty/ blessing. Ample supply of good
Note: the root is F-Dhad-L and it means overflowing of good, or the remaining of the good thing after it has been utilized. It indicates many meanings and one of them is the bounty of good, the presence of more than needed of it and so foth. FADLI means bounty or blessing of/ ample supply of good. HI means him and points to God.

In: if/ When
Shaa: He willed/ He entitied
Note: the root is Sh-Y-Hamza and it means entity. SHAA is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means that the action of entitying happened by the subject (third person singular). Therefore it means: He entitied and in this context, it takes the meaning He willed.
Inna: indeed
Allaha: Allah
AAaleemun : knowledgeable/ knowing
Note: the root is Ain-L-M and it means knowing/knowledge or knowledge of facts. AAaLEEM is the one that is very knowledgeable

hakeemun: wise/ well steering
Note: the root Ha-K-M and it means the steer that steers the animal. This word is used for ruling and judging as well as other meanings that contain steering as part of the concept. HAKEEM means wise or the steering. The steering means the entity that steers in the best way

Salaam all and have a great day

Hussein

9:27

Salaam all,

9:27
ثُمَّ يَتُوبُ اللّهُ مِن بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ عَلَى مَن يَشَاء وَاللّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
Thumma yatoobu Allahu min baAAdi thalika AAala man yashao waAllahu ghafoorun raheemun

The Aya says:
Then Allah facilitates and accepts repentance, after that, upon whoever He wills, and Allah is forgiving/ protectively covering, merciful.

My personal note:
There is beauty in this part and that is although Allah mentioned punishing the rejectors in the previous Aya, this one keeps the door open for at least some of them to repent with Allah’s help and acceptance as long as they open their eyes and start moving towards Allah. This is actually what happened in this particular battle that the tribes that fought the Muslims soon converted to Islam.

Related to this is a hadeeth/ tradition from the prophet, upon him be peace, when at a battle he and his companions saw a woman holding tight to a child protecting him. The prophet asked his companions: "Do you see this woman throwing the child in the hell fire". They responded with No. The prophet then responded: "Then Allah is much much more protective of Humanity from the hell fire than this woman".

Translating the transliterated words:
Thumma: then
Yatoobu: accepts repentance/ facilitates and accepts repentance
Note: YATOOBU is derived from the root T-W-B and it means repentance or the ultimate return to GOD. The concrete word that is related is TABOOT and it means coffin which is what takes us to our ultimate return to GOD or repentance. YATOOBU is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of facilitating or accepting repentance or ultimate return (to God) is happening by the subject (third person singular)

Allahu: Allah
Min: from
baAAdi: after
thalika: that
AAala: upon
Man: who/ whoever
Yashao: He wills/ He entities
Note: the root is SH-Y-Hamza and it means entity for noun and to entity for the action. This means making a non entity become an entity, which also means making what was impossible possible, or what was non existent, existent or what was un-allowed allowed, and so forth. YASHAO is an action that is related to the root that is being completed or will be completed. It means: The entity is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person singular and points to God).
waAllahu: and Allah
Ghafoorun: forgiving/ provider of protective cover/ protectively covering
Note: the root is GH-F-R and it means covering for protection. The concrete word is the helmet of the fighter. GHAFOORUN is the one that covers to protect. This, in turn means protection from committing the sin and protection from the consequences of sin, which also means forgiving
Raheemun: Merciful
Note: the root is R-Ha-M and it means womb in concrete. This term is used to mean mercy and all the good that the womb provides. RAHEEM is the one with the womb-like mercy.

Salaam all and have a great day

Hussein