4:90

Salaam all,

This is 4:90
إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ يَصِلُونَ إِلَىَ قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُم مِّيثَاقٌ أَوْ جَآؤُوكُمْ حَصِرَتْ صُدُورُهُمْ أَن يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ أَوْ يُقَاتِلُواْ قَوْمَهُمْ وَلَوْ شَاء اللّهُ لَسَلَّطَهُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ فَلَقَاتَلُوكُمْ فَإِنِ اعْتَزَلُوكُمْ فَلَمْ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ وَأَلْقَوْاْ إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَمَ فَمَا جَعَلَ اللّهُ لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ سَبِيلاً
Illa allatheena yasiloona ila qawmin baynakum wabaynahum meethaqun aw jaookum hasirat sudooruhum an yuqatilookum aw yuqatiloo qawmahum walaw shaa Allahu lasallatahum AAalaykum falaqatalookum faini iAAtazalookum falam yuqatilookum waalqaw ilaykumu alssalama fama jaAAala Allahu lakum AAalayhim sabeelan

The Aya says:
If not those who reach a people between you (plural) and whom a commitment or they came to you, their hearts have great difficulty to fight you or fight their people. And If Allah willed, He would have made them employ their fighting power upon you and fight you. So, if they avoided you, therefore they did not fight you including casted to you the non aggression, then Allah did not make for you a path upon them.

My personal note:
The Aya continues the theme from the previous path. It gives conditions if present then the hypocrites should not be fought. Those are either moving or arriving or living in a place that has a commitment of non aggression with the Muslims or if they avoid fighting the Muslims for whatever reasons including the difficulty in their hearts to be involved in fighting either the Muslims or the non Muslims.

This brings light further context to the previous Aya where the fighting was ordered against the hypocrites who were involved in fighting the Muslims actively.

The end of this Aya is a clear order against fighting those who are committed to non aggression at least amongst the hypocrites.

Translation of the transliterated words:
Illa: if not/ except
Note: the form means literally if not and is used as an exception to something. In here, it points to the previous Aya.
Allatheena: those who
Yasiloona: arrive/ reach/ connect
Note: the root is W-Sad-L means a connection. Some of the derivatives WOOSOOL mean arrival somewhere (since by arriving, you conceptually connected between two places). YASILOONA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of arriving or reaching to the object (ila Qawmin= to a people) is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural).
Ila: to
Qawmin: a people
Note: the root is Qaf-Y-M and it means standing or standing upright. QAWMIN are the people that stand together and that makes the group or people or nation, basically, any group of people that stand together or form a group.
Baynakum: between you (plural)
Wabaynahum: and between them
Note: the Arabic way of saying between you and them is in a form of between you and between them.
Meethaqun: assurance/ security/ trust/ commitment
Note: the root is W-TH-Qaf and it means in concrete terms, the secure tying of a knot or the pasture that has lots of grass and therefore is assured of providing enough nutrition. So, the other meanings of the term are assurance and security. MEETHAQUN is an assurance or trust and security. In this context, it is a commitment of non aggression at least.
Aw: or
Jaookum: they came to you (plural)
Note: the root is J-Y-Hamza and it means coming. One concrete word that is derived from this word is the pool where the rain water comes. JAOO is an action that is completed and that is derived from the root. It means that the action of coming happened by the subject (third person plural) towards the object (KUM= plural you).
Hasirat: Sensed difficulty/ sensed limitation
Note: the root is Ha-Sad-R and it means a sense of limitation or difficulty. It can take the meaning of being in a state of siege or prison or anything that makes an entity limited in it’s scope or ability. HASIRAT is an action that is completed. It means: the action of sensing difficulty or narrowness and limit happened by the subject (Sudooruhum= their chests).
Sudooruhum: their chests/ their inner selves
Note: the root is Sad-D-R and it means chest of the person. It also takes the conceptual additional meanings of a container of secrets as well as the place where things emanate from, as in the inner self. SUDOORU means chests of. HUM means them.

An: that
Yuqatilookum: they physically fight you (plural)
Note: The root is Qaf-T-L and it means killing or actions that potentially can lead to death including injury and others. YUQATILOO is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of physically fighting is happening or will be happening in an interactive manner with the object (KUM= plural you) by the subject (third person plural).
Aw: or
Yuqatiloo: they physically fight
Note: The root is Qaf-T-L and it means killing or actions that potentially can lead to death including injury and others. YUQATILOO is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of physically fighting is happening or will be happening in an interactive manner with the object (QAWMAHUM= their people) by the subject (third person plural).
qawmahum: their people
Note: the root is Qaf-Y-M and it means standing or standing upright. QAWMA are the people that stand together and that makes the group or people or nation, basically, any group of people that stand together or form a group. HUM means them.
Walaw: and if
Note: there is a tone of skepticism in the conditional LAW=if, as if suggesting that often the condition did not happen or is unlikely to happen and so on.
Shaa: He willed/ He entitied
Note: the root is Sh-Y-Hamza and it means entity. SHAA is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means that the action of entitying happened by the subject (third person singular). Therefore it means: He entitied and in this context, it takes the meaning He willed.
Allahu: Allah/God
Note: Allah is the subject of the action that was mentioned earlier SHAA.
Lasallatahum: Then He would have indeed made them apply their fighting power
Note: the root is S-L-TTA and it means power that can overcome obstacles. As a concept it can be extended to the power that is physical, mental, spiritual and power of argument and proof. It also could mean overpowering. LASALLALLATAHUM is an action that is a response to the conditional LAW. It means: then he would have indeed made them concentrate their power or practice their power.
AAalaykum: over you (plural)
Falaqatalookum: then they would have indeed physically fought you (plural)
Note: FA means then or therefore or so. LAQATALOOKUM is derived from the root Qaf-T-L and it means killing or actions that potentially can lead to death including injury and others. LAQATALOOKUM is an action that is completed. It means: the action of physically fighting is happening or will be happening in an interactive manner with the object (KUM= plural you) by the subject (third person plural).
Faini: so if
iAAtazalookum: they avoided you/ did not fight you
Note: IAATAZALOOKUM is derived from the root Ain-Z-L and it means being apart from an entity. One concrete meaning of the word is the cloud that does not rain, therefore separated it’s rain from the land. Another concrete meaning is coitus interruptus where the man withdraws before the ejaculation. IAATAZALOO is an action that is completed. It means: the action of avoiding or not fighting (in this context) the object (kum=plural you) happened by the subject (third person plural).
falam: then not
Yuqatilookum: they physically fight you (plural)
Note: The root is Qaf-T-L and it means killing or actions that potentially can lead to death including injury and others. YUQATILOO is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of physically fighting is happening or will be happening in an interactive manner with the object (KUM= plural you) by the subject (third person plural).
Waalqaw: and they casted/ and they offered
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. ALQAW is derived from the root L-Qaf-Y and it means receiving as a concept which would be understood more specifically according to the sentence. Concrete uses of the word are a female that gets pregnant easily, therefore she received the sperm well. It is also used for the birds that hunt because they receive the prey easily and so forth. ALQAW is an action that is completed. It means the action of making the object (Alssalama= their peace/ non aggression) received was made to happen by the subject (third person plural). This takes the meaning of casting peace or non aggression.
Ilaykumu: to you (plural)
Alssalama: the peace/ the non aggression
Note: the root is S-L-M and it means dissociation from an entity to re-associate with another that is usually better. This carries the meaning of health and safety. It also carries the meaning of delivery from one to another and it carries the meaning of peace, since it is the dissociation from harm or anything that leads to harm. The context helps in determining the meaning. ALSSALAMA means the dissociation from aggression in this context and that is peace.
Fama: then not
jaAAala: He made
Note: the root is J-Ain-L and it means making or to make. JaAAaLA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of making the object (Sabeelan= apth) by the subject (Allah, coming up).
Allahu: Allah
Lakum: to you (plural)/ for you
AAalayhim: upon them/ on them
Sabeelan: a path
Note: the root is S-B-L and it means and it means flowing water from the falling rain from the sky to the flowing water in the river and so forth. This is the concrete and the other uses are related as in path, which allows the flow, to soft flowing hair and so forth. SABEELAN is the flowing water or the path of. It takes the meaning of path or even the trip on the path.

Salaam all and have a great evening

Hussein