4:113

Salaam all,

This is 4:113
وَلَوْلاَ فَضْلُ اللّهِ عَلَيْكَ وَرَحْمَتُهُ لَهَمَّت طَّآئِفَةٌ مُّنْهُمْ أَن يُضِلُّوكَ وَمَا يُضِلُّونَ إِلاُّ أَنفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَضُرُّونَكَ مِن شَيْءٍ وَأَنزَلَ اللّهُ عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَعَلَّمَكَ مَا لَمْ تَكُنْ تَعْلَمُ وَكَانَ فَضْلُ اللّهِ عَلَيْكَ عَظِيمًا
Walawla fadlu Allahi AAalayka warahmatuhu lahammat taifatun minhum an yudillooka wama yudilloona illa anfusahum wama yadurroonaka min shayin waanzala Allahu AAalayka alkitaba waalhikmata waAAallamaka ma lam takun taAAlamu wakana fadlu Allahi AAalayka AAatheeman

The Aya says:
And if not for Allah’s favor upon you (singular) and His mercy, then would have commenced a group of them to misguide you (singular). And they will not misguide but themselves and they will not harm you (singular) a thing. And Allah sent upon you (singular) the book and the wisdom and made you (singular) know what you did not happen to know. And the favor of Allah upon you (singular) happened to be great.

My personal note:
This aya tells us how the favor of Allah upon the prophet (PBUH) was so great. The book and wisdom is something that I may have mentioned before. In it’s big general terms it encompasses knowledge and application of that knowledge in the best possible way. It also could be looked at as the wisdom as something that is encompassed within the book since both are linked by the WAW and the WAW can mean that one thing is encompassed within another. This would still give the same meaning since two different people can read the same book but what they learn and apply from it are two different things or at least at different degrees of mastery.

This suggests that the prophet (pbuh) was not only given the book, but also the best way to utilize it in his every day life. Thus he would be a great example for all of us.

Another message is that people who are dishonest and who try to misguide others end up mainly harming their own selves.

Translation of the transliterated words:
Walawla: and if not for
Fadlu: bounty of/ favor of/ abundance of
Note: the root is F-Dhad-L and it means overflowing of good or being able to fulfill all your needs from an entity and then still have more of it spared. It can also mean abundance due to the same reason. FADLU means: overflowing of good of or provision of more goodness than is required to cover the needs so that there will remain more of it left.
Allahi: Allah
AAalayka: upon you (singular pointing to Muhammad PBUH)
Warahmatuhu: and His mercy
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. RAHMATUHU is derived from the root R-Ha-M and it means womb in concrete. This term is used to mean mercy and all the good that the womb provides. RAHMATU is the womb-like mercy of. HU means him and it points to Allah.
Lahammat: then would have commenced/ would have contemplated
Note: La is a response to the conditional LAWLA that started the Aya. Then it closer to Then would have as a meaning. HAMMAT is derived from the root H-M-M and it means concern or contemplated thought which may or may not be followed by commencement of action upon that concern. Sometimes, the meaning will take the form of commencement of action alone, others the concern or thought alone and in others, both. HAMMAT is an action that is completed. It means: the action of contemplating or commencing action happened by the subject (third person singular pointing to Taifatun= a group)
Taifatun: a group
Note: the root is TTa-W-F and it means to go around something in circles so that you get the feeling that you surround it. This is the concrete meaning and the abstract can be related to it especially the meaning of knowing something very well and being keen about it. TAIFATUN is a circle in a conceptual manner. In the context of this Aya, it takes the meaning of a group.
Minhum: from them/ amongst them
An: that
Yudillooka: they make you (singular) lost/ misguided
Note: the root is Dhad-L-L and it means getting lost as in lost the road or losing something. YUDILLOOKA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of making the object (KA= singular you) loose the path or become misguided is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural).
Wama: and not/ and what
Yudilloona: they make lost/ misguided
Note: the root is Dhad-L-L and it means getting lost as in lost the road or losing something. YUDILLOONA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of making the object (ILLA ANFUSAHUM= except themselves) loose the path or become misguided is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural).
Illa: if not/ except
Anfusahum: themselves
Note: ANFUSAHUM is derived from the root N-F-S and it means to breath but is extended to mean self since the self breathes and that defines her existence. ANFUSA is a noun that is derived from this root and it means Selves of. HUM means them.
Wama: and not
Yadurroonaka: they harm you (singular)/ they make you harmed
Note: the root is Dhad-R-R and it means to harm or opposite of benefit. Concrete word is DAREER and it means blind person or a person that is afflicted with weakness and illness. YADURROONAKA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. The action of making harm against the object (KA= Singular you) is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural).
Min: of/ from
Shayin: a thing/ an entity
Note: the root is SH-Y-Hamza and it means entity. SHAYIN means entity. It is taken here to mean a thing or entity.
Waanzala: and He made descended/ And he brought down
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. ANZALA is derived from the root N-Z-L and it carries the meaning of arrival to stay and descent. One concrete meaning is the descent of the person from his or her horse or camel as they arrive at the place where they plan to stay. ANZALA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of making arrive or making descend happened by the subject (first person singular).
Allahu: Allah
AAalayka: upon you (singular pointing to Muhammad pbuh)
Alkitaba: the book/ the collection of knowledge
Note: the root K-T-B and it means putting things together as in grouping the herd together or closing the lips or writing (the most common use), because in writing, one puts the letters and the ideas together. ALKITABA means, the process of writing or the book or anything related to it from the ideas to the ink and paper to the place where all is put together. In a sense, it points to the collection of knowledge and information that are communicated.

Waalhikmata: and the wisdom/ including the wisdom/ application
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. AlHIKMATA is derived from the root Ha-K-M and it means rule or judge or to reach the best ruling using the best tools possible including knowledge, compassion and justice. One concrete word is the steer that steers the animals. The relationship is that the steer helps move the animal in the best direction that the steerer wants. ALHIKMATA is often translated as the wisdom and that would be the arrival at the best steering judgment or best application or both.

waAAallamaka: and He taught you (singular)/ made you know
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. AAaLLAMAKA is derived from the root Ain-L-M and it means knowing/knowledge or knowledge of facts. AAaLLAMAKA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of making the object (KA= singular you) know happened by the subject (third person singular)
Ma: what
Lam: not
Takun: you (singular) happen to / happen to be
Note: the root is K-W-N and it means being. TAKUN is an action that is being completed or will be completed that is derived from the root. It means: the action of being is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person singular).
taAAlamu: know
Note: the root is Ain-L-M and it means knowing/knowledge or knowledge of facts. TaAALAMU is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of knowing the object (undeclared) is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person singular).
Wakana: and happened to be
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. KANA is derived from the root K-W-N and it means being. KANA is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means: the action of being happened by the subject (third personal singular pointing to Allah). This in turn means: He was or He happened to be.

Fadlu: bounty of/ favor of/ abundance of
Note: the root is F-Dhad-L and it means overflowing of good or being able to fulfill all your needs from an entity and then still have more of it spared. It can also mean abundance due to the same reason. FADLU means: overflowing of good of or provision of more goodness than is required to cover the needs so that there will remain more of it left.
Allahi: Allah
AAalayka: upon you (singular pointing to Muhammad PBUH)
AAatheeman: great
Note: the root is Ain-TH-M and it means great/hard/strong. The concrete word is AAaTHM and that is the bones or the hard/strong/firm core of things. AAaTHEEM means great.

Salaam all and have a great day.


Hussein