9:83
فَإِن رَّجَعَكَ اللّهُ إِلَى طَآئِفَةٍ مِّنْهُمْ فَاسْتَأْذَنُوكَ لِلْخُرُوجِ فَقُل لَّن تَخْرُجُواْ مَعِيَ أَبَدًا وَلَن تُقَاتِلُواْ مَعِيَ عَدُوًّا إِنَّكُمْ رَضِيتُم بِالْقُعُودِ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ فَاقْعُدُواْ مَعَ الْخَالِفِينَ
Fain rajaAAaka Allahu ila taifatin minhum faistathanooka lilkhurooji faqul lan takhrujoo maAAiya abadan walan tuqatiloo maAAiya AAaduwwan innakum radeetum bialquAAoodi awwala marratin faoqAAudoo maAAa alkhalifeena
So, if Allah returned you (singular) to a group of them, then they asked your permission to venture out, then respond: “You will never venture out with me ever. Nor fight an enemy with me. You were content to sit behind the first time then sit with the staying behind.”
The Aya explains a form of punishment and that is when the person loses the privilege of doing things with the prophet upon him be peace as a form of punishment. That is because it informs the person that he or she is of an unknown standing in Allah’s eyes and that is a great risky place to be in.
Fain: so if
rajaAAaka: returned you (singular)
Note: the root is R-J-Ain and it means returning. RAJaAAaKA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of making the object (second person singular) return happened by the subject (third person singular) as part of the conditional sentence.
Allahu: Allah
Ila: to/ towards
Taifatin: a group
Note: the root is TTa-W-F and it means to go around something in circles so that you get the feeling that you surround it. This is the concrete meaning and the abstract can be related to it especially the meaning of knowing something very well and being keen about it. TAIFATIN is a circle in a conceptual manner. In the context of this Aya, it takes the meaning of a group.
minhum: of you them/ from them
faistathanooka: so they asked your permission
Note: FA means then or so or therefore. ISTATHANOOKA is derived from the root Hamza-TH-N and it means ear in concrete. It also means hearing, knowing and approving at the same time and may be extended to acting according to that knowledge. ISTATHANOOKA is an action that is completed. It means: the asking for permission from the object (KA- singular you) happened by the subject (third person plural). Here the permission is to go for the fight with him.
Lilkhurooji: to the march/ to the coming out/ the venture.
Note: LI means to or in order to. ALKHUROOJ is derived from the root KH-R-J and it means coming out or exiting. That is the conceptual meaning and it assumes it’s more specific meaning or meanings according to the plane of thought of the sentence. ALKHUROOJ means the going out/ the venture/ the travel.
Faqul: then say
Note: FA means then or therefore or so. QUL is derived from the root Qaf-W-L and it means saying in any way possible. QUL is an order addressed to a singular. It means: Say.
Takhrujoo: will you (plural) venture out
Note: TAKHRUJOO is derived from the root KH-R-J and it means coming out or exiting. That is the conceptual meaning and it assumes it’s more specific meaning or meanings according to the plane of thought of the sentence. TAKHRUJOO is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action coming out/ exiting/ travelling/ venturing is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person plural). Because it is preceded by the LAN then it takes the meaning of: You will never venture out.
maAAiya: with me.
Abadan: Forever/ ever
Note: the root is Hamza-B-D and it means Ever and a very long time. ABADAN means Ever or forever. The concrete word for ABD means wild or wild beast and the relationship is that in the desert where the houses are tents, the wilderness is the thing that lasts forever, or so it seemed to the Arabs.
Walan: and never/ nor ever
Tuqatiloo: will you (plural) fight
Note: TUQATILOO is derived from the root Qaf-T-L and it means killing or actions that potentially can lead to death including injury and others. TUQATILOO is an action that is happening or will be happening. It means: the action of fighting is happening or will be happening in an interactive manner by the subject (second person plural)
maAAiya: with me
AAaduwwan: an enemy/ transgressor
Note: the root is Ain-D-W and it means running or overstepping boundaries since the running is a form of overstepping a boundary. Conceptually, it is also used to point to animosity since animosity stems from overstepping boundaries or enemies overstep boundaries of each other. AAaduwwan means enemy/ transgressor.
Innakum: you (plural) indeed
Radeetum: were content/ lovingly accepted/ were pleased
Note: the root is R-Dhad-Y and it means accepting lovingly. RADEETUM is an action that is completed or will be completed. It means: the action of lovingly accepting/ being content happened by the subject (second person plural).
Note: BI signifies an attachment or close linkage between what is before and what is after it. In a Verbal sentence it can mean attachment to the action or to the subject as it does the action. This attachment can then signify many things according to the verb and to the sentence and so on. ALQuAAooDI is derived from the root Qaf-Ain-D and it means sitting. Conceptually, it carries the meaning of staying in place and not moving/act or not wanting to move or act in addition to sitting or positioning. In this context it carries the meaning of sitting and waiting and watching. ALQuAAooDI means the staying behind/ sitting/ deserting the march and so on.
AWWALA: first/ foremost
Note: AWWAL is derived from the root Hamza-W-L and it means ultimate as a concept and takes different shapes and specific meanings according to the situation including first and so on. It often takes the meaning of first because that is the most ultimate. AWWALA means first of or first amongst or most ultimate of or foremost.
Marratin: time/ occasion/ pass
Note: MARRATIN is derived from the root M-R-R and it means passing or passage. Some of the concrete words from this root mean bitter plants or just bitter. The relationship between bitter and passing is the fact that the sheep and goats of the Bedouin herders probably passed those plants rather than sticking to them to eat them. MARRATIN means pass/ occasion/ time.
faoqAAudoo: then sit/ then stay
Note: BI signifies an attachment or close linkage between what is before and what is after it. In a Verbal sentence it can mean attachment to the action or to the subject as it does the action. This attachment can then signify many things according to the verb and to the sentence and so on. OQAAuDOO is derived from the root Qaf-Ain-D and it means sitting. Conceptually, it carries the meaning of staying in place and not moving/act or not wanting to move or act in addition to sitting or positioning. In this context it carries the meaning of sitting and waiting and watching. OQAAuDOO is an order for a group to sit watchfully for.
maAAa: with
alkhalifeena: The staying behind
Note: the root is KH-L-F and it means behind in time or place or any other plane of thought. For time, it takes the meaning of what happens after or the future. ALKHALIFEEN are the staying behind.
Hussein
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