4:36

Salaam all,

This is 4:36
وَاعْبُدُواْ اللّهَ وَلاَ تُشْرِكُواْ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا وَبِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْجَارِ ذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْجَارِ الْجُنُبِ وَالصَّاحِبِ بِالجَنبِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ إِنَّ اللّهَ لاَ يُحِبُّ مَن كَانَ مُخْتَالاً فَخُورًا
WaoAAbudoo Allaha wala tushrikoo bihi shayan wabialwalidayni ihsanan wabithee alqurba waalyatama waalmasakeeni waaljari thee alqurba waaljari aljunubi waalssahibi bialjanbi waibni alssabeeli wama malakat aymanukum inna Allaha la yuhibbu man kana mukhtalan fakhooran

The Aya says:
And worship Allah, and do not make any partners with him. And by the two parents perform acts of goodness, and by the relatives, and the orphans and the poor, and the related neighbor and the unrelated neighbor, and the companion by the side and the son of the path and what you have legal authority over (of people). Indeed, Allah does not love who happens to be self absorbed, excessively proud.

My personal note:
The Aya starts with the prohibition against giving partners to God. This is the most important message of the Qur’an, the message of monotheism.

It is interesting that it linked this first message with the order to perform act of goodness to the group that was mentioned. To be mentioned are the neighbors of all kinds, whether relatives, not relatives and companions/friends. It also mentioned two groups worth mentioning:

Ma Malakat Aymanukum: Which means what you have legal authority over. This group includes spouses in them, and therefore there is an order to act acts of goodness to the wives. The group also includes any person under the legal authority of the person, including slaves that they may own.

The other group is the “son of the road” and this includes the traveler or the person who originated somewhere else, but is stuck in another place with no ability to go back.

The ending of the Aya is very important. It tells us who Allah does not love and that is the self absorbed conceited person who may also be arrogant. This is linking those properties with lack of acts of goodness and with making partners for God.

Translation of the transliterated words:
WaoAAbudoo: and worship/ and make yourselves serve/ and enslave yourselves to.
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. oAABUDOO is derived from the root Ain-B-D and it means slave or servant. This is conceptually extended to acts of worship. A person makes himself/ herself a slave voluntarily either out of love or out of recognition of the importance of the entity he or she enslaved himself to, and that is the essence of worship, enslaving oneself to the beloved who is also the almighty. oAABUDOO is an order or a request addressing a group of people. It means: and worship/ make yourselves slaves of the object (Allah).
Allaha: Allah/ the one worthy of worship
Wala: and not
Tushrikoo: you make partners/ equal partners
Note: the root SH-R-K and it means partner or partnership and with this partnership is a measure of equality or being on par. TUSHRIKOO is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of making partner to the object (bihi= with Him pointing to God) is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person plural). WALA Tushrikoo is an order not to make partners.

Bihi: with Him/ in him
Note: Bi denotes that what comes after is a tool and/or an object or an association with an action that was mentioned. If it is an object of the action then it makes it stronger. HI means him and it points to Allah.
Shayan: an entity/ a thing
Note: the root is SH-Y-Hamza and it means entity. SHAYAN means entity. It is taken here to mean a thing or an entity.
Wabialwalidayni: and by the two parents
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. Bi denotes that what comes after is a tool and/or an object or an association with an action that was mentioned. If it is an object of the action then it makes it stronger. ALWALIDAYNI is derived from the root W-L-D and it means giving birth or conceiving. ALWALIDAYNI are the two that conceived or gave birth.
Ihsanan: perform action of goodness/ beauty
Note: the root is Ha-S-N and it means beauty and goodness in all the aspects of beauty and goodness. IHSANAN is a MASDAR, a noun that tells about action. It means: action of beauty or goodness in this context. It gives the impression of order to perform actions of beauty or goodness.
Wabithee: and by those of
Alqurba: the nearness/ the relatives
Note: The root is Qaf-R-B and it means nearing or becoming near. ALQURBA means: the nearness and it is used conceptually here to point to the relatives, or even people who are near to the heart or live near the person as neighbors.
Waalyatama: and the orphans/ the dependants without support
Note: Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. ALYATAMA is derived from the root Y-T-M and it means being alone. This word is used for the orphans because they lost their parent. It is also used for a woman who is alone without support. Conceptually, it covers any dependant person who does not have clear human support amongst the known relatives of parenthood or marriage.
Waalmasakeeni: and the ones without resources
Note: Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. ALMASAKEEN the root is S-K-N and it means Ashes which is the product of the end of the fire. The conceptual meaning has many forms and it means rest or lack of movement, but it also means the lack of energy or running out of energy. ALMASAKEEN are the persons that do not have energy or ability to maneuver. This is used for the poor who have no ability to move out of that situation.
Waaljari: and the neighbor
Note: Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. ALJARI is derived from the root J-W-R and it means in concrete neighbor or an entity that is close to where one is. This is word is then used conceptually for support, neighborhood and at times for injustice because one lands not where he should be, but somewhere else. Here, ALJARI means the neighbor.
Thee: one of
Alqurba: the nearness/ the relatives
Note: The root is Qaf-R-B and it means nearing or becoming near. ALQURBA means: the nearness and it is used conceptually here to point to the relatives, or even people who are near to the heart or live near the person as neighbors.
Waaljari: and the neighbor
Note: Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. ALJARI is derived from the root J-W-R and it means in concrete neighbor or an entity that is close to where one is. This is word is then used conceptually for support, neighborhood and at times for injustice because one lands not where he should be, but somewhere else. Here, ALJARI means the neighbor.
Aljunubi: the next door/ the one beside/ the close by
Note: the root is J-N-B and it means side of an entity. This word then takes many meanings according to the context, including setting aside, as in avoiding or rejecting as well as being close as in being beside an entity. ALJUNUBI here means the neighbor who is close by.
Waalssahibi: and the companion
Note: Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. ALSSAHIBI is derived from the root Sad-Ha-B and it means companion or companionship. ALSSAHIBI means: the companion.
Bialjanbi: by the closeness/ by the side
Note: Bi denotes that what comes after is a tool and/or an object or an association with an action that was mentioned. If it is an object of the action then it makes it stronger. ALJANBI is derived from the root J-N-B and it means side of an entity. This word then takes many meanings according to the context, including setting aside, as in avoiding or rejecting as well as being close as in being beside an entity. ALJANBI here means the side and it points to closeness.
Waibni: and son of/ child of/ product of
Note: Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. IBNI is derived from the root B-N-Y and it means child or son in some of the derivatives and building in another. The two meanings since having children is like building where one builds a family and builds the child to become an adult and so forth. IBNI means son of or child of/ product of
Alssabeeli: the path
Note: the root is B-N-Y and it means child or son in some of the derivatives and building in another. The two meanings since having children is like building where one builds a family and builds the child to become an adult and so forth. ALSSABEEL is the path. IBNI ALSSABEEL is the son of the path and it points to the traveler or the person who arrived at a place and has no ability to go home.
Wama: and what
Malakat: she owned/ she happened to have authority
Note: the root is MLK and it means ownership or authority over something. One concrete meaning is the fruit when it becomes strong and held together. So, in a sense MULK has the meaning of holding things together in a strong bond and with authority over it. MALAKAT is an action that is completed. It means: the action of owning or having authority happened by the subject (third person feminine singular pointing to Aymanukum= your right/ your right hands/ your legal right).
Aymanukum: Your (plural) right/ your right hand/ your legal right/ your oaths.
Note: AYMANUKUM is derived from the root Y-M-N and it means right as in the opposite of left. This is then taken conceptually to mean many other things as in right hand, oath and good luck and so forth. AYMANU means right or right hand or legal right or oath of. KUM means plural you. WAMA MALAKAT AYMANUKUM covers what the meaning of: What you have legal authority over. In this context, it does cover slaves owned by the person or any person they have legal authority over and is in a state of vulnerability.
Inna: indeed
Allaha: Allah
La: not
Yuhibbu: loves
Note: the root is Ha-B-B and it means in concrete seed. This word also means love. As if the seed is the product of love or the love will end up in a seed. YUHIBBU is an action that is derived from the root and that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of loving is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person singular pointing to Allah) of the object (man kana= whoever happened to be)
Man: who/ whoever
Kana: happened to be
Mukhtalan; conceited/ self admiring inappropriately/ self absorbed.
Note: the root is KH-Y-L and it means imagination or thought. It is used conceptually to point to imagination or thought process that may need imagination. It is also extended, depending on the context, to mean imagining self more than what they are. MUKHTALAN is the one who is self absorbed/ self admiring inappropriately/ conceited.
Fakhooran: excessively proud/ arrogant
Note: the root is F-KH-R and it means excessive pride or arrogance. FAKHOOR is the person who is excessively proud or arrogant.

Salaam all and have a great day.


Hussein