4:140

Salaam all,

This is 4:140
وَقَدْ نَزَّلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ أَنْ إِذَا سَمِعْتُمْ آيَاتِ اللّهِ يُكَفَرُ بِهَا وَيُسْتَهْزَأُ بِهَا فَلاَ تَقْعُدُواْ مَعَهُمْ حَتَّى يَخُوضُواْ فِي حَدِيثٍ غَيْرِهِ إِنَّكُمْ إِذًا مِّثْلُهُمْ إِنَّ اللّهَ جَامِعُ الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَالْكَافِرِينَ فِي جَهَنَّمَ جَمِيعًا
Waqad nazzala AAalaykum fee alkitabi an itha samiAAtum ayati Allahi yukfaru biha wayustahzao biha fala taqAAudoo maAAahum hatta yakhoodoo fee hadeethin ghayrihi innakum ithan mithluhum inna Allaha jamiAAu almunafiqeena waalkafireena fee jahannama jameeAAan

The Aya says:
And He (Allah) brought down upon you (plural) in the book that if/when you heard the signs of Allah being rejected including being mocked, then do not sit with them until they get involved in other discussion. Otherwise, you (plural) are then similar to them. Indeed, Allah (is) gathering the hypocrites and the rejecters in Hell, all together.

My personal note:
This Aya has the message of not sitting with people who indulge in ridiculing the signs of Allah or rejecting them until they change the subject. This is generally because rejection and mocking are generally not useful nor helpful.

In a sense, it may be giving a glimpse of how to conduct a debate and that a debate related to those issues should be only when there is a measure of respect on the other side.

Translation of the transliterated words:
Waqad: and indeed
Nazzala: He made come down/ He made arrive/ He brought down
Note: the root is N-Z-L and it carries the meaning of arrival to stay and descent. One concrete meaning is the descent of the person from his or her horse or camel as they arrive at the place where they plan to stay. NAZZALA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of making arrive or making descend happened by the subject (third person singular pointing to Allah).
AAalaykum: upon you (plural)
Fee: in
Alkitabi: the book/ the collection of knowledge
Note: the root K-T-B and it means putting things together as in grouping the herd together or closing the lips or writing (the most common use), because in writing, one puts the letters and the ideas together. ALKITABI means, the process of writing or the book or anything related to it from the ideas to the ink and paper to the place where all is put together. In a sense, it points to the collection of knowledge and information that are communicated.
An: that
Itha: if/ when
Note: ITHA is a conditional that is related to time. Therefore, it takes the meaning of IF or When or both at the same time. The verb form that comes after it takes the form of a completed action (past tense) even if it is to happen in the future.
samiAAtum: you heard/ you listened
Note: The root is S-M-Ain and and it means hearing or hearing and understanding or knowing and retaining at the same time. SAMiAATUM is an action that is completed. It means: the action of hearing or listening happened by the subject (second person plural).
Ayati: sings of
Note: AYAT is derived from the root Hamza-Y-H and it means sign. AYATI means signs of.
Allahi: Allah
Yukfaru: being rejected/ being rejected
Note: the root is K-F-R and it means cover or bury in the ground, as in put the seed in the ground and cover it. This is then used conceptually for many purposes as in discarding and rejecting as well as burying. YUKFARU is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of rejection or discarding of the object (BIHA= by her and pointing to the signs of Allah) happened by an undeclared subject.

Biha: by them/ in them
Note: Bi suggests that what comes after it is either an association with the action, a tool of the action or an object of the action or any combination of the three. If bi serves as an object of the action that it serves as an emphasis of the action. HA means them and it points to the signs of God.
Wayustahzao: including being mocked
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. YUSTAHZAO is derived from the root H-Z-Hamza and it means mocking. YUSTAHZAO is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of mocking the object (biha= by them pointing to the signs of God) is happening or will be happening by an undeclared subject.

Biha: by them/ in them
Note: Bi suggests that what comes after it is either an association with the action, a tool of the action or an object of the action or any combination of the three. If bi serves as an object of the action that it serves as an emphasis of the action. HA means them and it points to the signs of God.
Fala: then not
taqAAudoo: you (plural) sit
Note: the root is Qaf-Ain-D and it means sitting. Conceptually, it carries the meaning of staying in place and not moving/act or not wanting to move or act in addition to sitting. TAQAAUDOO is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of sitting is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person plural). LA TAQAAuDOO is an order or a request that actually means: Do not sit.
maAAahum: with them
hatta: until
yakhoodoo: they get involved
Note: the root is KH-W-Dhad and it means walking in water where the water is covering part of the body. This can apply to crossing a relatively shallow river and so on. The term can then be conceptually used to walking in a place where the body is partially covered by water or vegetation or so on. It can also be used to point to being a little more deeply involved in a subject or matter which is the use here. YAKHOODO is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of getting involved in the object (Hadeethin=talk discussion) is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person plural).
Fee: in
Hadeethin: talk/ saying/ discussion
Note: The root is Ha-D-TH and it means to happen for the verb and happening for the noun. This is conceptually then extended to many different understandings that are linked to the context. They carry the meanings of happenings as news, or sayings or new developments or all, as long as the context of the sentence allows it. HADEETHIN here carries the conceptual meanings of happening, which covers sayings and talk and discussion.
Ghayrihi: other than him (mocking Allah’s Ayat)
Note: GHAYRI is derived from the root GH-Y-R and it means other or different from. GHAYRI means different or other than. HI means him and it points to the mocking and rejecting of the signs of Allah.
Innakum: otherwise indeed you (plural)
Note: the term means indeed you and the context gives the meaning of otherwise you indeed.
Ithan: then
Mithluhum: similar to them/ equal to them
Note: the root M-TH-L and it means similitude or similar. MITHLU means similitude of or similar to. Conceptually, it can also be understood as the example of or equal to. HUM means them.
Inna: indeed
Allaha: Allah/ the one worthy of worship
jamiAAu: gathering
Note: the root is J-M-Ain and it means gather the different parts together or putting things together. JAMIAAu means gathering.

Almunafiqeena: the hypocrites/ the ones who claim safety in God while they are otherwise.
Note: the root is N-F-Qaf and it means tunnel in the concrete sense. This is then used to mean anything that is tunneled from one place to another as in having an apparent picture that is different from the hidden one. Another is tunneling you money to another destination as in giving some of your money to charity or so forth. Here, it is used for the apparent being different from the hidden. ALMUNAFIQEEN in this context are the ones who declare Iman (safety in God) while in truth, they are otherwise.
Waalkafireena: and the rejecters/ discarders
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. ALKAFIREENA is derived from the root K-F-R and it means cover or bury in the ground, as in put the seed in the ground and cover it. This is then used conceptually for many purposes as in discarding and rejecting as well as burying. ALKAFIREENA are the ones who reject the truth or discard it.
Fee: in
jahannama: Hell
Note: JAHANNAM is one of the Arabic names for Hell. The root J-H-N-M points to a very deep well where if one falls in it, there is no way out or very very difficult to come out. The relationship with Hell is that it is a deep trouble to fall into.
jameeAAan: all
Note: the root is J-M-Ain and it means gather the different parts together or putting things together. JAMeeAAaN means together or all. The context suggests all of it.

Salaam all and have a great day.

Hussein