4:19

Salaam all,

This is 4:19
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ لاَ يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَن تَرِثُواْ النِّسَاء كَرْهًا وَلاَ تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ لِتَذْهَبُواْ بِبَعْضِ مَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ إِلاَّ أَن يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُّبَيِّنَةٍ وَعَاشِرُوهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ فَإِن كَرِهْتُمُوهُنَّ فَعَسَى أَن تَكْرَهُواْ شَيْئًا وَيَجْعَلَ اللّهُ فِيهِ خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا
Ya ayyuha allatheena amanoo la yahillu lakum an tarithoo alnnisaa karhan wala taAAduloohunna litathhaboo bibaAAdi ma ataytumoohunna illa an yateena bifahishatin mubayyinatin waAAashiroohunna bialmaAAroofi fain karihtumoohunna faAAasa an takrahoo shayan wayajAAala Allahu feehi khayran katheeran

The Aya says:
O those who made themselves safe (in Allah), it is not allowed for you that you inherit the women coercively. And do not muscle them to go away with some of what you gave them, except if they come up with clear ugly deed. And share life with them by what is recognized as good. So, if you disliked them, then perhaps you will dislike an entity when Allah made in it plenty of goodness.

My personal note:
The Aya gives clear instruction to men not to force women to leave them inheritance, nor force them or intimidate them so that women will have to give up any of their rights. The Aya ends up with the advice, that sometimes a man dislikes his wife, when Allah has put in her great goodness for the man to discover. That particular message is to be taken to cover many other aspects of life.
The “clear ugly deed” is how I translated the term “fahishatin mubayyanatin”. It points to an ugly deed of sexual nature, through the context of the Aya and the Qur’an. It may be extended to extremely other ugly acts, but that will be open to discussion and disagreement by some.

Translation of the transliterated words:
Ya ayyuha allatheena: O those who
Note: the three words used here are callings.
Amanoo: made themselves safe
Note: the root is Hamza-M-N and it means safe or safety. AMANOO is an action that is derived from the root and that is completed. It means: the action of making the object (not mentioned and therefore the subject and the object can be the same entity here) become safe happened by the subject (third person plural). So, it ends up meaning: they made themselves safe.
La: not
Yahillu: allowed/ acceptable/ enjoined
Note: the root is Ha-L-L and it means settling. Conceptually, this settling can be in time or place of quality as in settling or solving a problem or issues like that and it can extend to acceptable or enjoined words or deeds. This sentence gives the context of acceptable or enjoined or allowed. YAHILLU is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of enjoining or accepting is happening or will be happening by the subject (third person singular).
Lakum: to you (plural)
An: that
Tarithoo: you (plural) inherit
Note: the root is W-R-TH and it means inheritance or inheriting. TARITHOO is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means the action of inheriting the object (Alnnisaa= the women), is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person plural).
Alnnisaa: the women
Note: the word means the women. It has two potential roots that may be related to it. The first N-S-Y and it is the one used for women. This same root is used for the sciatic nerve as a concrete word and for forgetting. The relation between the different meanings is only in an indirect manner. Another root is N-S-Hamza and it means putting things behind in time or space of delaying things. Concrete words are the women that have a delay in the menses because of possibility of pregnancy.
Karhan: coercively/ despite objection/ forcibly
Note: the root is K-R-H and it means doing something when unwilling and hating to do it. Therefore, it takes the meaning of hating to do something and being forced to do something against will. KARHAN means coercively or forcibly or despite objection, in this context.
Wala: and not
taAAduloohunna: You (plural) constrict on them/ muscle them
Note: the root is Ain-Dhad-L and it means muscle. This is then conceptually used for strength and force and constriction depending on the context. TaAADULOO is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of muscling the object (Hunna= feminine plural them) is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person plural). Muscling them includes all the range of the meaning of that word whether physical or emotional or both or more.
Litathhaboo: in order to go away
Note: Li means to and takes the meaning in order to. TATHHABOO is derived from the root TH-H-B and it means gold. One of the derivatives of the root also means going and it is not clear what the relationship between the two meanings are. TATHHABOO is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of going or going away is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person plural).
bibaAAdi: with some of
Note: Bi denotes that what comes after is a tool and/or an object or an association with an action that was mentioned. If it is an object of the action then it makes it stronger. BaAADI is derived from the root B-Ain-Dhad and it means part of the whole. BaAADI means part of or some of.
Ma: what
Ataytumoohunna: you (plural) made come to them/ you gave them
Note: the root is Hamza-T-Y and it means in concrete the water that comes from the rain of another land. In concrete it means the coming of something or someone with many of it’s implications. ATAYTUMOO is an action that was completed. It means: the making of the object (undeclared) come to another object (HUNNA= feminine them) happened by subject (second person plural).
Illa: except
An: that
Yateena: they (feminine) come with/ they commit
Note: the root is Hamza-T-Y and it means in concrete the water that comes from the rain of another land. In concrete it means the coming of something or someone with many of it’s implications. YATEENA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of making come or bringing about the object (Alfahisha= the ugly deed or word) is happening of will be happening by the subject (third person plural feminine).

bifahishatin: with ugly word or deed
Note: Bi denotes that what comes after is a tool and/or an object or an association with an action that was mentioned. If it is an object of the action then it makes it stronger. FAHISHATIN is derived from the root F-Ha-SH and it means: the ugly word or deed or any word or deed that has exceeded the border of decency and appropriateness. The term is often used related to sexual acts, but it is not limited to it. FAHISHATIN is an ugly word or deed including sexually. In the context of this Aya, it is pointing mainly to a sexual act.
Mubayyinatin: making itself clear/ clear/ self evident and apparent.
Note: the root is B-Y-N and it means between. This word then assumes many meanings as separation and distancing between two or more things. It also carries the meaning of clarification between two things. Here, it adopts the meaning of clarification. MUBAYYINATIN means literally making itself clear. This is taken to mean clear or self evident and apparent
waAAashiroohunna: and live with them/ and share lives with them
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. AAaSHIROOHUNNA is derived from the root Ain-SH-R and it means ten. This is then conceptually taken to mean many other things including family or lots of contact with someone as in sharing the life. This context suggests this use of the word. AAaSHIROO is an order or a request addressed to a group of people. It means: share life in an interactive manner with the object HUNNA= them (feminine).
bialmaAAroofi: by what is recognized as appropriate/ good
Note: Bi denotes that what comes after is a tool and/or an object or an association with an action that was mentioned. If it is an object of the action then it makes it stronger. ALMaAAROOFI is derived from the root Ain-R-F and it means the elevated place that will be known or recognized from a distance. MaAAROOF is what is recognized. This is also used to mean what is good or recognized as being good or appropriate. ALMaAAROOFI means recognized as good or appropriate
Fain: therefore if/ so if
Karihtumoohunna: You (plural) disliked them
Note: the root is K-R-H and it means doing something when unwilling and hating to do it or just disliking an entity. Therefore, conceptually, it takes the meaning of disliking an entity. For actions it takes the meaning of hating to do something and being forced to do something against will. KARIHTUMOOHUNNA is an action that is completed. It means: the action of disliking the object (hunna= feminine them) happened by the subject (second person plural).
faAAasa: then perhaps
an: that
takrahoo: you (plural) dislike
Note: the root is K-R-H and it means doing something when unwilling and hating to do it or just disliking an entity. Therefore, conceptually, it takes the meaning of disliking an entity. For actions it takes the meaning of hating to do something and being forced to do something against will. TAKRAHOO is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of disliking the object (SHAYAN= en entity) is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person plural).
Shayan: an entity/ something
Note: the root is SH-Y-Hamza and it means entity. SHAYIN means entity. It is taken here to mean a thing or something.
wayajAAala: and He makes
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. YAJAAaLA is derived from the root J-Ain-L and it means making or to make. YAJAAaLA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of making the object (khayran= goodness) is happening or will be happening by the subject (Allah, coming up).
Allahu: Allah
Feehi: in him (the entity)
Khayran: goodness
Note: the root is KH-Y-R and it means choice. It is also understood as good or as better, because one would chose the good over the bad. KHAYRAN means: good or best choice.
Katheeran: great/ plenty
Note: Note: the root is K-TH-R and it means many or numerous in all the planes of thought. KATHEERAN means: many or numerous or plenty.

Salaam all and have a great evening

Hussein