4:59

Salaam all,

This is 4:59
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ أَطِيعُواْ اللّهَ وَأَطِيعُواْ الرَّسُولَ وَأُوْلِي الأَمْرِ مِنكُمْ فَإِن تَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى اللّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ إِن كُنتُمْ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ ذَلِكَ خَيْرٌ وَأَحْسَنُ تَأْوِيلاً
Ya ayyuha allatheena amanoo ateeAAoo Allaha waateeAAoo alrrasoola waolee alamri minkum fain tanazaAAtum fee shayin faruddoohu ila Allahi waalrrasooli in kuntum tuminoona biAllahi waalyawmi alakhiri thalika khayrun waahsanu taweelan

The Aya says:
O those who made themselves safe, obey Allah, including His envoy/messenger and the people of leadership amongst you. So, if you disputed in a matter, then return it to Allah and the envoy if you happened to make yourselves safe in Allah and the day of Judgment. That is better and more beautiful ultimate conclusion.

My personal note:
I translated ATeeAAoo ALLAHA WA aLRRASOOLA as obey Allah, including the messenger. The reason is that the WA is more of an inclusion of one term into another or inclusion of all the words linked by it, in a bigger picture or sentence. The other reason is that obeying the messenger is part of obeying God, since it is an order from God.
The Aya mentioned another group to be obeyed OLEE ALAMR and I translated them as the people of leadership, whether judicial, political, religious and so forth. Obeying this group was not made absolute. The proof is that the Aya mentioned who the ultimate arbiter of dispute in matters. The ultimate arbiter is God and His messenger/envoy. Therefore obeying the leaders is contingent upon them not disobeying God or His messenger.

One would ask will that then lead to chaos since any person can claim the leader is not obeying God. The answer to it comes in many points:
1- The condition is that the leader should not disobey God. This condition gives much more leeway and lesser excuses for the regular person to rebel. So, a person cannot say: I do not see that the leader is obeying God in this order. He or she has to make sure that the order of the leader falls into clear disobedience of God.
2- A person can come to conclusions, but will have to be open to arbitration to God’s words and His messenger’s words at time of dispute. Then both parties are to abide by it.
3- Scholars have agreed that a person has the right to disagree with the leaders, but should use non violent means of showing disagreement. The scholars concluded long ago that violent means of showing disagreement, most often lead to more harm than good to all. To them one most important Muslim concept: do no harm and if you cannot, then least harm only if the benefit is greater.

This Aya also establishes an important concept of Islamic governing. That is the constitution of Islam is the ultimate authority and not the people in leadership. The constitution would then be the Qur’an as well as the authentic traditions that came from the prophet. It is a constitution that contains more general rulings than specific ones and, like many other constitutions, can be open to interpretation within a range of understandings.

Translation of the transliterated words:
Ya ayyuha allatheena: O those who
Note: the three words used here are callings.
Amanoo: made themselves safe
Note: the root is Hamza-M-N and it means safe or safety. AMANOO is an action that is derived from the root and that is completed. It means: the action of making the object (not mentioned and therefore the subject and the object can be the same entity here) become safe happened by the subject (third person plural). So, it ends up meaning: they made themselves safe.
ateeAAoo: obey willingly/ comply willingly with/obey
Note: the root is TTa-W-Ain and it means willing compliance or obeying willingly. ATeeAAoo is an order or a request that is addressing a group of people. It means: obey willingly or comply willingly, or just obey.
Allaha: Allah
waateeAAoo: and obey/ including obey/ willingly comply
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. ATeeAAoo is derived from the root TTa-W-Ain and it means willing compliance or obeying willingly. ATeeAAoo is an order or a request that is addressing a group of people. It means: obey willingly or comply willingly, or just obey.
Alrrasoola: the messenger/ the envoy
Note: ALRRASOOLA is derived from the root R-S-L and it means to envoy someone or a group of people or animals. The concrete word is RASL and it means a group of people or animals that were sent by their owners or senders. ALRRASOOLA means the envoy or the messenger.
Waolee: and people of
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. OLEE are people of.
Alamri: the ordering/ the implementation/ the ordering and implementation/ the leadership
Note: the root is Hamza-M-R and it means ordering something and the implementation of it. ALAMRI is the order or the implementation or both at the same time. OLEE AL AMRI are the people of the ordering and implementation. This suggests the people in leadership positions whether political, judicial, religious and so on.
Minkum: amongst you
Fain: so if
tanazaAAtum: disputed each other
Note: TANAZaAATUM is derived from the root N-Z-Ain and it means pulling of an entity out of it’s place or just pulling. TANAZaAATUM is an action that is completed and has an interactive nature to it. It means: pulling opposite pulling happened by the subject (second person plural) to the object (same as the subject). The pulling opposite pulling takes the meaning of dispute where each pulls something to their side and opposing the other.
Fee: in
Shayin: an entity/ a thing/ a matter
Note: the root is SH-Y-Hamza and it means entity. SHAYIN means entity. It is taken here to mean a thing or an entity.
Faruddoohu: then return him
Note: Fa means then or so or therefore. RDDOOHU is derived from the root R-D-D and it means: making an entity return to a point of beginning. This is the general conceptual meaning and it takes meanings of repelling or other forms of “making return” that are dictated by the context of the text. RUDDOOHU is an order or request to action addressing a group of people. It means: make the object (HU= him pointing to the matter of dispute) return to where it needs to go (in this context God and His messenger/ envoy).
Ila: to
Allahi: Allah
waalrrasooli: and the messenger or envoy/ including the messenger or envoy.
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. ALRRASOOLI is derived from the root R-S-L and it means to envoy someone or a group of people or animals. The concrete word is RASL and it means a group of people or animals that were sent by their owners or senders. ALRRASOOLI means the envoy or the messenger.
In: if
Kuntum: you (plural) happened to be
Note: the root is K-W-N and it means being. KUNTUM is an action that is completed that is derived from the root. It means: the action of being happened by the subject (second person plural). This in turn means: you (plural) happened to be
Tuminoona: make yourselves safe
Note: the root Hamza-M-N and it means safety. Conceptually, it can also be extended to trust as well, because we feel safe in the entity we trust. TUMINOONA is an action that is being completed or will be completed. It means: the action of making oneself safe is happening or will be happening by the subject (second person plural).
biAllahi: in Allah
Note: Bi denotes that what comes after is a tool and/or an object or an association with an action that was mentioned. If is the object of the action then it makes it stronger. In here the action is making become safe. ALLAH is Allah.
Waalyawmi: and the day
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. ALYAWMI is derived from the root Y-W-M and it means day. YAWM means a day and it spans a day and night cycle. ALYAWMI means: the day.
Alakhiri: the remaining/ the last
Note: the root Hamza-KH-R and it means remaining. ALAKHIRI means the remaining or the later. ALYAWMI ALAKHIRI then means: the remaining day or the last day and that is used for the day of judgment.
Thalika: that
Khayrun: good/ better
Waahsanu: and more beautiful/ and better
Note: WA is a letter that links what is before with what is after. This link is through inclusion, either one is included in the other or they are all included in the bigger sentence or bigger picture. WA often corresponds with “and/ addition” but the more encompassing meaning is in inclusion one in another or all in a bigger picture or sentence. AHSANU is derived from the root Ha-S-N and it means beauty and goodness in all the aspects of beauty and goodness. AHSANU means more beautiful or more good/ better.
Taweelan: ultimate conclusion/ ultimate end point.
Note: the root is Hamza-W-L and it means ultimate as the concept. In it’s uses, it can attain the ultimate beginning or the ultimate ending or the ultimate meaning or the ultimate conclusion. TAWEELA means the action of ultimating to one conclusion.

Salaam all and have a great evening.

Hussein